Organizational Risks & Mitigation Methods Essay Example for Free

Organizational Risks Mitigation Methods Essay As per our discussion last week I’ve prepared this memo that outlines the risks that CWTI faces and methods of mitigation for those risks. The goal of this exercise is to have a starting point for establishing a risk management process within CWTI. Below I’ve identified risks and provided suggested methods of mitigation for each. I’d like to point out that while most of these risks have more than one potential mitigation method, I chose to present the method I believe would be most successful for CWTI. 1.)Risk of fluctuation in foreign exchange rates –USD receivables Mitigate using control method ie. forward contracts, hedging etc. 2.)Risk of fluctuation in interest rates – USD loan Mitigate using control method ie. forward contracts, hedging etc. 3.)Risk of supply shortage/delay due to truck breakdowns Mitigate using diversification ie. Have alternative options of transportation readily available 4.)Risk of losing major customer Mitigate using diversification ie. Try to gain other customers in need of timber 5.)Risk of losing timber licenses Mitigate using control technique ie. Establish strong internal controls regarding the requirement to clear and replant and ensure to measure controls. 6.)Risk of non-compliance with national stock exchange requirements Mitigate using control technique ie. Establish strong internal controls regarding compliance requirements for stock exchange. 7.)Risk of inventory shrinkage due to theft, damage Mitigate using sharing/transferring technique ie. Purchase insurance for buildup of inventory 8.)Risk of supply delay if sawmill equipment goes down, staff turnover/lack of skilled staff Mitigate using diversification technique ie. Have alternative options of production in the event either of these occur 9.)Risk of delay/damage/lost shipment to overseas market Mitigate using sharing/transferring technique ie. Purchase additional insurance that would cover this 10.) Risk of timber market/supply – what if something happens to forest? Fire, bug infestation Mitigate using diversification ie. Find other supplies of timber 11.) Risk of reputation – environmental groups if CWTI doesn’t live up to the clearing/replanting requirement Mitigate using control ie. Establish strong internal controls to ensure all clearing/replanting requirements are being fulfilled. 12.) Risk of not meeting financial obligations due to delayed/infrequent receivables – CWTI operates year round but majority of payment only gets received around December January (based on 60/90 day terms) Mitigate using diversification ie. Find more new customers that require timber throughout the year to balance the cash flow. We can further discuss other mitigation methods should you please. I look forward to your feedback.

Pindar :: essays research papers fc

Classical Mythology PINDAR A PERFECT POET Pindar was born at Cynoscephalae, near Thebes, the member of a noble family. He lived from about 518 B.C. to approximately 438 B.C. Pindar is considered by many to be the greatest lyric poet of ancient Greece. He began writing at a very young age and soon his poetry was popular throughout Greece.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He traveled widely but spent much of his time in Athens and in Sicily at the home of Hieron. This may account for his being enamored with the Olympic games, which he often wrote about. Hiero bred horses and offered his steeds to the athletes to enter in the chariot races. Pindar’s poems often paid tribute to the winner of various events but with out a doubt the chariot races were given his highest praise. Greek society savored these odes for their rich poetic language and imagery, moral ideas, and vivid portrayals of sacred myths.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The poems were not so much an account of the sporting events but what transpired afterward. The storyline or narrative myth was always connected to the winner and ensuing celebration. Each poem meant to be sung with dancing or even a procession for the victor, usually upon the athlete’s return to his home city. Being a deeply religious man with high moral standards, Pindar’s main characters normally displayed the same attributes. Pindar was also famous for being the first Greek writer to speak of the immortality of the soul and judgement by the gods after death.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pindar is given credit for inventing the Pindaric ode. An ode built of three stanzas - strophe, antistrophe, and epode repeated in series. These stately intricate poems set the standard. They are often referred to as perfect in form and beautiful in language. Of all his poems 45 odes have survived. These make up one of the greatest collections of odes by a Greek author during this time. The forty-five victory odes represent and celebrate triumphs at the four great Panhellenic festivals. The Olympic, Pythian, Nemean, and Isthmian games. Three of the Olympian Odes celebrated the victories of Pindar’s close friend and confidant Hieron. The Nemean and Isthmian Odes concentrate more on wealthy clients and tyrants of the time who perhaps sponsored the athletes. The Pythian Odes were written for the Aeginians; the last of which was dedicated to an Aeginian wrestler, Aristomenes. What makes this poem so noteworthy is the fact it ended with a not e of sadness. Pindar :: essays research papers fc Classical Mythology PINDAR A PERFECT POET Pindar was born at Cynoscephalae, near Thebes, the member of a noble family. He lived from about 518 B.C. to approximately 438 B.C. Pindar is considered by many to be the greatest lyric poet of ancient Greece. He began writing at a very young age and soon his poetry was popular throughout Greece.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He traveled widely but spent much of his time in Athens and in Sicily at the home of Hieron. This may account for his being enamored with the Olympic games, which he often wrote about. Hiero bred horses and offered his steeds to the athletes to enter in the chariot races. Pindar’s poems often paid tribute to the winner of various events but with out a doubt the chariot races were given his highest praise. Greek society savored these odes for their rich poetic language and imagery, moral ideas, and vivid portrayals of sacred myths.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The poems were not so much an account of the sporting events but what transpired afterward. The storyline or narrative myth was always connected to the winner and ensuing celebration. Each poem meant to be sung with dancing or even a procession for the victor, usually upon the athlete’s return to his home city. Being a deeply religious man with high moral standards, Pindar’s main characters normally displayed the same attributes. Pindar was also famous for being the first Greek writer to speak of the immortality of the soul and judgement by the gods after death.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pindar is given credit for inventing the Pindaric ode. An ode built of three stanzas - strophe, antistrophe, and epode repeated in series. These stately intricate poems set the standard. They are often referred to as perfect in form and beautiful in language. Of all his poems 45 odes have survived. These make up one of the greatest collections of odes by a Greek author during this time. The forty-five victory odes represent and celebrate triumphs at the four great Panhellenic festivals. The Olympic, Pythian, Nemean, and Isthmian games. Three of the Olympian Odes celebrated the victories of Pindar’s close friend and confidant Hieron. The Nemean and Isthmian Odes concentrate more on wealthy clients and tyrants of the time who perhaps sponsored the athletes. The Pythian Odes were written for the Aeginians; the last of which was dedicated to an Aeginian wrestler, Aristomenes. What makes this poem so noteworthy is the fact it ended with a not e of sadness.

Comparison of Two Restaurants

Summary Restaurants business one of major segments of Hospitality industry in United Kingdom. This assessment report mainly focuses on the analysis of two difference restaurants base on food and beverage principles and theories. Here writer selected McDonald’s Hanger lane for fast food segment and O’Neill’s Ealing for fine dining segments. Evaluation process based on the writer experienced of those two restaurants and used meal experienced check list prepared using food and beverage theories and concept. In addition, writer created SWOT analysis for each restaurants for enhance analysis external and internal factors.Comparative analysis done using several topics for improve clear understand for readers. Used difference academic journals, books and reputed web site details for deliver evidence to support the discuss points by acknowledging relevant authors of such valuable sources. In addition, knowledge grab during the class contributed more to complete this asse ssment report. Prominent points highlighted during the conclusion for revise reader attention for such points and end of report provide recommendations to the both restaurants to enhance their business performance.There are main two limitations of this this report, first, all provided recommendations relevant only for discussed two restaurants and difficult to generalised and second, majority of points discussed base on writer experienced and that have possibility of involved of unintentional personal biased. 1. Introduction 2012 restaurants market update of keynote shows that market value increase 1. 7% during the 2011 compare to 2010. Government informed that UK emerging from recession in this year by Wintour and Stewart (2012). This shows the creating good business atmosphere within the UK.Restaurants are one of main business sector within the hospitality industry and it has several types of categories such as fast foods, fine dining and ethnic special. This report mainly focuses on the compare and contrasts the two differences restaurants, based on the writer meal experienced of those two restaurants and finally try to gives suggestions that important for improve customer experience and sale of such restaurants. Here writer selected O’Neill’s Ealing mainly for fine dining restaurants and McDonald’s Hanger Lane t for fast food casual restaurants.This comparative analysis base on the writer experienced of those two restaurants and use Meal experience check list (See Appendix: 1) for evaluate these two restaurants. These two restaurants working on difference market segments, however base on the food and beverage theories can easily analysis and evaluate two restaurants. 2. Overview of Restaurants 2. 1. O’ Neill’s – Ealing O’Neill’s is one of restaurants chain of Mitchells and Butlers PLC operation in England and they are specialisation of Irish foods; however they offer both table d’hotel and A la carte menus.Other than restaurants facilities, O’Neill’s have bar section. This restaurants under the non-captive market and they have powerful strength from the mother company that leader within the UK for Restaurants and Pub including brands like † Harvester† and â€Å"all bar one† (www. mbplc. com). However, Ealing O’Neill’s need to differentiate itself to face greater competition from surrounds restaurants in Ealing area (See Appendix: 2 for SWOT: O’Neill’s Ealing). 2. 2 McDonald’s – Hanger Lane (Near Quill Street) The world’s largest quick chain restaurants and 1200 restaurants located within the UK (www. cdonalds. co. uk). However McDonald’s under semi-captive food market because customers can choice only from offer alternatives. Open in 24 hours and drive through facilities adds more strength for Hanger Lane McDonald’s apart from the reputed global name. (See Appendix: 3 for SWOT: McDonald’s Hanger Lane) 3. Comparative Analysis This comparative analysis and evaluation doing in using separate topics and only consider the restaurants part and not consider their additional activities such as bar in O’Neill’s and drive through process of Mc Donald’s . 1. Service SystemMcDonald’s following fast food service system and O’Neill’s following fine dining service. McDonald’s always follow single point service and take away service; however O’Neill’s use waiter’s assistant systems. Both restaurants service are well maintenance and give good service for customers. Restaurants service systems direct effect of the image of the restaurants and that enhance the customer loyalty. (Ryuet al. 2012) 2. Staff Staffs of both restaurants are well trained and committed to provide full customer satisfaction with higher hygienic practices.All staff members wear proper dress code and very polite and try to pro vide best options for customers. Observed that, McDonald’s staffs mainly follows the grater standardised control procedures and O’ Neill’s staff more empowerment for taken some decisions. Highly standardised lead to more control of staff in Mc Donald’s (Ingram and Jones 1998). Employee empowerment enhance customer responsiveness and as well as employees retention with organization (Ashness and Lashley 1995). 3. Use of Special Equipment and Services Two restaurants always try to use more effective equipment to reduce energy consumption.McDonald’s using high efficiency British Thermal Unit (BTU) fryer to reduce energy consumption and give quick service to customers. O Neill’s also follow green concept and energy consumption reduce strategy (Mitchell and Butler annual report 2011). Card payment accepts by both restaurants that give more convenient for majority of customers. 4. Meal Experience 3. 4. 1 Interior Arrangement, Decoration and Enterta inment O’Neill’s interior design and dining area prepare for more comfortable and classic way for retention customers more time within the restaurants.Arranged seating to facilitate personal and business discussion among the customers and provide slight normal music for give higher feeling to customers. Every Friday and Saturday O’Neill’s provides live music for customers. O’Neill’s provide high class tableware and decoration of all tables. McDonald’s interior design comparatively low and provide plastic chairs and tables and no much intention to keep customers long time in restaurants due to concept of fast food serving (Lillicrap and Cousins 2010). Customers repurchasing behaviour and satisfaction highly depend on customer waiting time in fast foods chain outlet (Law et al. 004). Therefore, McDonald’s basically focus to provide higher number of customers within limited time. O’Neill’s lighting arrangements compa ratively good and it provide more attraction and comfort for long-term discussion. However, McDonald’s hanger lane does not use specific lighting arrangement. 3. 4. 2 Safety and Hygienic Hygienic conditions are higher in both restaurants and displayed the council certificate, safety notice, singe and whole restaurants clean and tidy. This is the last part of the food supply chain and majority of customers believe that restaurants maintain good hygienic conditions (Knight at el. 007). According to the Mitchel and Butler annual report, all food suppliers require to meet British Retail Consortium Global Certificate requirement and need to face regular safety and quality audits. McDonald’s has own food quality audits systems (www. mcdonalds. co. uk). 3. 4. 3. Food Price Price is important factor for purchasing decision of consumer (Mendez et al. 2006). Observed that both restaurants provided good value for money and this confirmed by few consumers in two restaurants as wel l as writer own experienced. However, O’Neill’s need to consider their food price for face competition in Ealing.Competitive pricing lead for price war and that can affect for long term sustainability of business (Davis et al. 2008). 3. 4. 4 Food, Beverage and Menu O’Neill’s provide eight difference menus basically focus in Irish foods and provide special menu for kids and Sunday. On the other hand, McDonald’s provided own menus basically focus on the fast food category. Two restaurants always keep their menus within some limitation with less variation. However, O’ Neill’s menus are very attractive and give full description for customers (see Appendix 4) (http://www. oneills. co. k/oneillsealing). O’ Neill’s provides foods very decorative way compare to McDonald’s (see Appendix 5) and both restaurants provide foods in good temperature. Foods aroma was fantastic in both restaurants that enhance appetite of customer s. Beverage supply was very good in both restaurants. 3. 4. 5 Customer Segments O’ Neill’s major customer range is people who like to go out with business discussion or friends or get some functions to meet each other’s. However McDonald’s major customer range is people who hurry to office or school with kids and back to home at evening.Identify of customer segments is important for sustain in business (Kotler and Keller 2006) 3. 4. 6 Location and Facilities Both restaurants located at very convenient place to consumers, however McDonald’s Hanger Lane have very good vehicle parking facilities O’Neill’s Ealing does not have. McDonald’s Hanger lane located near the traffic colour lights that give added advantage showing their name for majority of customers use Ealing road (see Appendix 6). In addition, MacDonald’s Hanger lane opens 24 Hours for customers. However O’ Neill’s Ealing have open limited time for d ay.McDonald’s provides free Wi-Fi and Baby Changing facilities for their customers. 7. Promotions Both restaurants provide special offer for focus market segments, example that O’Neill’s provide â€Å"Three meals for price two† and McDonald’s provide â€Å"4 weeks for 4 tastes†. Promotions are important for build good customer relationship and attract potential customers (Kotleret al. 2010). 4. Identification of Present trend in Food Industry Both restaurants not properly address present trends and food related health matter witan the UK. One or more than one shows diagnosis or undiagnosed diabetic within 20 people in UK (Diabetic in the UK 2012). 010 NHS data showed that 26% of adults (age above 16) and three of ten boys and girls (age between 2 to 15) showing either overweight or obesity within UK. However, Observed that both MacDonald’s and O’Neill’s not change for their foods for cater this current trend. In addition , predicted 10. 3% increase of the UK vegetarian foods market within next five years and main retailers such as ASDA, TESCO, Morrison and Sainsbury already started their vegetarian series (Keynote Market assessment 2012). However, both McDonald’s and O’ Neill’s not properly address this new market trend in UK. 3. 6 Sales MixObserved that Hanger Lane McDonald’s main sales product is Burgers and other main sales products are sandwiches, dessert, chips and beverages. Proper awareness of sales mixes importance for decide price of products as well as manage revenue (Kotleret al. 2010). However, Irish foods are the main sales products of O’ Neill’s and observed that majority of customers prefer for their Irish foods. 3. 7 Marketing McDonald’s comparatively have powerful marketing strategy than the O’Neill’s. McDonald’s have some benefits of marketing due to global brand and product range is unique for every McDonaldâ₠¬â„¢s.However, each of franchise has limited resource for own marketing process that related for area. McDonald’s have single web site that covering all outlets in UK, however O’Neill’s Ealing has their own web page under O’Neill’s main web (see Appendix 7). This is give opportunity for customers to directly contact Ealing management, find the new functions and specific menus. However, McDonald’s web site is more attractive than O’ Neill’s web site and it include nutritionals value and allergic information of the foods (See Appendix 8).McDonald’s provide special service for their customers â€Å"McDonald’s on your phone† that give location of nearest outlet, menus and latest promotion (www. mcdonalds. co. uk). 4. Conclusion These two restaurants cater their service for difference customer segments in market. However, observed that they always try to dominate in their market segments and very less considerat ion of current market trends in UK such as such as healthy foods and vegetarian foods. Both restaurants committed to give full customer satisfaction and try to attract customers using difference promotion and giving high quality safe foods.Both restaurants have proper identification of own sales mix and they use specific marketing strategy to enhance competitive edge in own market segment. 5. Recommendations All discussion based on these two restaurants and therefore these recommendations relevant only for above two restaurants and difficult to generalised. O’ Neill’s Ealing 1. Enhance variation of foods in menu – This is important to attract customers who have difference needs such as Chinese, Mexican, vegetarian, diabetic foods etc. 2. Consider the food price – Need to consider price of foods with compare competitors especially near the Ealing area. . Separate bar area from restaurants. – Bar together with restaurants area give some interference for family dining. Therefore, important of physical separate of dining area from bar section to attract more families to restaurants. 4. Band competition – They can invite Ealing area musical bands to perform in their restaurants that give more attract of local residents and young people to restaurants. 5. Provide nutritional value in in foods – That important to customer to select best suit foods for them and give attraction of customers. 6.Phone application to customers – iPhone, Android, Blackberry, Ovi – O’Neill’s special promotion, menus and special news, this important to always keep customer live with restaurants. 7. Try to get some parking slot beside road side after discuss with Ealing Council. Especially Friday and Saturday nights. 8. Provide loyalty card to regular customers to enhance revisit of regular customers. 9. Provide discount and promotion during the winter period to attract more customers by considering present positive condition of economic growth of UK. McDonald’s Hanger Lane 1.Increase seating capacity; keep more employees that enhance their attraction of McDonald’s products. 2. Concern of healthy foods and vegetarian foods – Need to consider present market trend of healthy foods, especially foods related to children. 3. Provide more attraction inertial decoration – That gives more attraction of customers to restaurants. 4. Provide attractive lighting system. 5. Provide foods in more decorative way to enhance customers’ attraction. 6. Give some higher consideration and facilities to on-site eating customers like takeaway customers. 7. Try to provide combo pack or student pack for attract families and students. . Install indication board beside Ealing road side before the outlet to enhance remind for customers before see outlet and provide information of additional facilities. 9. Start some functions or entertainments, especially at Friday or Saturday to attract customers. Bibliography Ashness, D. and Lashley, C. (1995) Empowering service workers at Harvester Restaurants. 24(8), p. 17 – 32. Emerald: Personnel Review [Online]. Available at: http://www. emeraldinsight. com [Accessed: 28 October 2012]. Guardian. co. uk (2012) GDP figures show UK emerging from recession: full reaction. 25 October 2012 [Online].Available at: http://www. guardian. co. uk/business/2012/oct/25/gdp-figures-uk-emerging-recession-full-reaction%20-%204/11/2012 [Accessed: 3 November 2012]. http://www. diabetes. org. uk/Professionals/Publications-reports-and- resources/Reports-statistics-and-case-studies/Reports/Diabetes-in-the-UK-2012/ (2012) [Online]. [Accessed: 28 October 2012]. http://www. ic. nhs. uk/pubs/opad12 (2010) [Online]. [Accessed: 28 October 2012]. http://www. oneills. co. uk/oneillsealing/ (2010) [Online]. [Accessed: 25 October 2012] Ingram, H. and Jones, S. (1998) Teamwork and the management of food service operations. 4(2), p 67-73.Emerald: Team Performance Management [online]. Available at: http://www. emeraldinsight. com [Accessed: 28 October 2012]. Keynote (2012) Market Update 2012: Restaurants Knight, A. J. , Worsoz, M. R. and Todd, E. C. D. (2007) Serving food safety: consumer perceptions of food safety at restaurants. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 19(6), p. 476-484. Emerald: [Online]. Available at: http://www. emeraldinsight. com [Accessed: 28 October 2012]. Kotler, P. and Keller, K. L. (2006) Marketing Management. 12thed. New Jersey: Pearson prentice hall. Kotler, P. , Makens, J. C. and Bowen, J. T. 2010) Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism. 5thed. New Jersey: Pearson prentice hall. Law, A. K. Y. , Hui, Y. V. and Zhao, X. (2004) Modeling repurchase frequency and customer satisfaction for fast food outlets. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 21 (5), p. 545-563. Emerald: [Online]. Available at: http://www. emeraldinsight. com [Accessed: 28 October 2012]. Lillicr ap, D. and Cousins, J. (2010) Food and Beverage Service. 8th ed. London: An Hachette. Mendez, J. L. , Oubina, J. and Rubio, N. (2006) Explanatory factors regarding manufacturer brand: Journal of Product & Brand Management, 15 (6), p. 02-411 Emerald: [Online]. Available at: http://www. emeraldinsight. com [Accessed: 28 October 2012]. Mitchell and Butler annual report 2011. Ryu, K. , Han, H. and Jang, S. (2010) Relationships among hedonic and utilitarianvalues, satisfaction and behavioral intentions in the fast-casual restaurant industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 22(3), p. 416-432 Emerald: [Online]. Available at: http://www. emeraldinsight. com [Accessed: 3 November 2012]. www. mbplc. com. www. mcdonalds. co. uk Appendix: 1 – Meal Experience Check List . Physiological and Food quality Description of items |Very |satisfied |unsure |Dissatisfied |Very |Remarks | | |satisfied | | | |Dissatisfied | | |Variation of foods ( Vegetarians or| | | | | | | |diabetic) | | | | | | | |Presentation of food ( Decoration) | | | | | | | |Colour of foods | | | | | | |Taste of foods | | | | | | | |Texture of foods | | | | | | | |Temperature of foods | | | | | | | |Variation of beverage | | | | | | | |Temperature of beverage | | | | | | | |Selection of condiments e. g. alts,| | | | | | | |sauces, pepper | | | | | | | |Portion of foods | | | | | | | |Portion of beverage | | | | | | | |Consumer specific | | | | | | | |Quality of food serve | | | | | | | |General hygienic conditions | | | | | | | Economical and convenient |Description of items |Very |satisfied |unsure |Dissatisfied |Very |Remarks | | |satisfied | | | |Dissatisfied | | |Prices of foods | | | | | | | |Price of beverages | | | | | | | |convenient location | | | | | | |Special offering | | | | | | | |Outdoor catering | | | | | | | |Home delivery | | | | | | | |Past service | | | | | | | |Parking facilities | | | | | | | Service and restaurants conditions Description of items |Ver y |satisfied |unsure |Dissatisfied |Very |Remarks | | |satisfied | | | |Dissatisfied | | |Staff greet pleasantly | | | | | | | |Staff knowing of regular customers | | | | | | | |Staff attention to the customers | | | | | | | |Staff willing to service to | | | | | | | |customers | | | | | | | |Manger attention to customer | | | | | | | |Waiter take order properly | | | | | | | |Staff understand of the products ( | | | | | | | |special offer, prices) to select | | | | | | | |proper food and beverage | | | | | | |Staff friendly and polite | | | | | | | |Service fast and quick | | | | | | | |Staff wearing proper attire | | | | | | | |Decoration of restaurant | | | | | | | | Tidy of restaurants | | | | | | | |Tables are clean | | | | | | | |Tables arrange properly | | | | | | | |Table is enough space to keep foods| | | | | | | |Staff give correct bills and | | | | | | | |changes for customers | | | | | | | |Restaurants open hours | | | | | | | |Staff response when leave the | | | | | | | |restaurants | | | | | | | |External appearance of restaurants | | | | | | | |Interior colour of restaurants | | | | | | | |Temperature conditions in | | | | | | | |restaurants | | | | | | | |Background music | | | | | | | |Live music | | | | | | |Table decoration | | | | | | | |Type of linen | | | | | | | |Appropriate tableware | | | | | | | |Furniture conditions | | | | | | | |Arrange of tables | | | | | | | |Layout of restaurants | | | | | | | |Sign of rest room | | | | | | | |Access of disabilities | | | | | | | |Children play area | | | | | | | |Tidiness of the rest room | | | | | | | Marks Very Satisfied – 5, Satisfied – 4, Unsure- 3, Dissatisfied – 2, Very dissatisfied – 1 Appendix: 2 – SWOT Analysis for O’Neill’s Ealing. |Strengths |Weakness | |Reputed National brand and Mother Company. |In side bar lead to reluctant for family dining especially with | |Specialization of Irish foods. |children. |Performing of Live bands that not in other restaurants near Ealing |No proper parking area. | |area. |Foods price comparatively high. | |Located near the Ealing shopping complex area. |Web site not attractive. | |Bar facilities. | | |Attractive decorations and arrangement. | | |Quality service with experienced staff. | | |Provide decorative foods. | | |High clean and hygienic conditions. | |Eating out increase in UK | | |Quality certification. | | |Opportunities |Threats | |Can provide other specific menus like Chinese and Indian cuisine. |Higher number of competitive restaurants in Ealing. | |Enhance seating facilities. |Less prices foods and drinks introduce by surround restaurants. | |Healthy food e. g. diabetic |Retails group (e. g. TESCO , M & S) introduce they are own foods. | |Attraction can be improved. Majority of customers knowing specialization for Irish foods only. | |Better promotion ability. |Higher control from Mother Company leads less reaction for situation| |Emerge of UK economy from res cission. |and location. | |Showing the nutritional values in foods. |Extreme weather conditions. | |Use of new technology to contact customers. E. g Phone update |Rising of fuel and employee cost. | |Possibility to provide more innovative products. |Majority of customers cut of their eating out during the recession. | | |Increase of number of restaurants direct to price war. |Appendix: 3 – SWOT Analysis for McDonald’s Hanger Lane. |Strengths |Weakness | |Reputed Global Brand. |Seating condition not comfortable. | |24 Hours opening. |Seating capacity very low. | |Drive through Process. |Lighting arrangement not attractive. | |No competitive restaurants nearby. |Less decorative of foods. | |Close to busy Ealing road. |Due to quick service oriented less concern of inside customers. | |Large parking area. |Holidays less vehicles use of Ealing road. | |Wi-Fi facilities. | | |Trained staff. | |Clean and tidy environment. | | |Baby changing facilities. | | |Attractive web site. | | |Phone updates facilities. | | |Quality certification. | | |Opportunities |Threats | |Can increase seating capacity. Possibility of come new restaurants nearby areas. | |Concern of healthy foods. E. g Diabetic |Concern of Healthy foods. | |Introduce specific foods e. g vegetarian, Mexican. |Marketing mainly decide by Head office. | |Attraction can be improved. |Retails group (e. g. TESCO, M & S) start to introduce they are own | |Better promotion ability due to location. |cafe and foods. | |Emerge of UK economy from rescission. |Higher traffic in Hanger Lane during the busy hours, reluctant to | |Introduce of innovative products. |turn for McDonald’s. | | |Extreme weather conditions. | | | | | | Appendix: 4 – O’ Neill’s Menu. [pic] [pic] Source: O’ Neill’s restaurants menu Appendix: 5 – Photo of Decorated O’Neill’s Foods. [pic] Source: Food decoration photo taken from O’Neill’s website. A ppendix: 6 – Location of McDonald’s Hanger. [pic] [pic] Source: McDonald’s Hanger lane photos taken by writer Appendix: 7 – Web page – O’ Neill’s Ealing. [pic] Source: O’Neill’s web page Appendix : 8 – McDonald’s web site with nutritional value and allergic information. [pic] Source: McDonald’s web page

Russia Early 20th Century Expansion - 1809 Words

Early in the 20th Century, Russia began a continued process of expansionism that relied on its military, economic, and political superiority to conquer Korea and Manchuria. Hoping to establish a warm water seaport and further increase the land needed for the Trans-Siberian railroad, Russia moved its army and navy further east.[1] This growth did not go unnoticed. Russian expansionism was met with resistance by the smaller world power of Japan. The Japanese saw Russia territorial conquests as encroaching on their sphere of influence and believed it necessary to take preventive measures against such a power.[2] Japan was originally believed to be of no imminent threat by Vise Admiral Alexeieff as well as the majority of Russian population.†¦show more content†¦Without workers the amount of weapons reaching the battlefront became minimized. Finally the Russian peasants realized that they could have the same rights as the nobles and this produced a society which did not support the efforts of the war front. The Japanese provided a near mirror of the Russian downfalls. They were economically superior, the majority of the society was in support of the war, and their military showed highly intelligent and calculated battle techniques. By the end of the war Japan, like Russia, began reaching its own limits, both financially and economically.[25] It lacked many of the raw materialsShow MoreRelatedThe Rise Of The Late And Early 20th Century1693 Words   |  7 Pages The period surrounding the late and early 20th century was the most dramatic era in modern history. 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There wasn’t just one cause instead there were several causes that brought whole world into

Risk Management Evaluation And Avoidance Methods

Risk management deals with the detection, assessment and avoidance methods, to cut down the adverse effects of risk on the organizations. There are different kinds of risk management techniques like risk avoidance, loss control, risk retention, risk transfer. Depending on the type of project’s involvement one can have several different risk management models to consider. If you don t know for sure what will happen, but you know the odds, that is risky. If you don t even know the odds, that is uncertainty. (Frank Knight, 1921). If a senior artist retires before the movie is complete, the production of art renderings will be delayed and will result in slipping the project schedule. This is a case where risk mitigation step involves the development of the project. It can have a range of effects on achievement of project objectives, from the total failure to the unexpected welcome surprise. Identifying the risk there are several likely- Project delay, projections hold-up, project cancellation, etc. In the risk mitigation plan, the senior artist who is retiring could be requested to continue till the completion of current projects. Another approach may be to curtail the role of the actor and manipulate the story of the movie. But, if the reason of retirement for the actor is sound, then in that case the project delay is indispensible and other mitigation plan has to be considered. Among all such plans, we have to contemplate on the one which could minimize the losses. IfShow MoreRelatedRisk Management Plan For A Company1333 Words   |  6 PagesRisk Management The process that helps project managers follow when they need to calculate, identify, and manage risk in a company is defined as Risk Management. When a company faces risk, risk management would be the ideal solution to use that to solve the known and unknown risks. Risk management plans should be ready to help reduce and prevent those risks because most risks in a company are uncertain. When a company is facing risks that are uncertain, these risks come up very fast and they couldRead MoreThe Facility s Risk Management Program1127 Words   |  5 Pages Describe and discuss the facility s Risk Management program. Do you feel their Risk Management program is adequate? Compare and critique the subject facility s Risk Management program to that of a model facility and whether the facility adheres to the recognized standard for risk management. Identify areas for improvement in the facility s Risk Management program, if any, and any recommendations you think should be implemented to lower risks in the facility. Give valid reasons for yourRead MoreSteps Risk Management Process ( I- Preparation )1318 Words   |  6 PagesSteps risk management process I- Preparation: It includes planning process and maps the scope of work and the foundation which will be adopted in the risk assessment as well as the definition of a framework for the process and the agenda for analysis. II- risk identification: At this stage, it is to identify the importance of risk. A risk is an event when access leads to problems and it can begin to identify the risks of the source of the problems, or the problem itself. When you know the problemRead MoreInformation Data Backup Challenges At The High Level Management1507 Words   |  7 Pages3. Available options for Risk Mitigation ..................................................................................................................................4 3.1 Risk hedging†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 3.2 Risk avoidance†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 3.3 Risk control†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 3.4 Risk assumption†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 3.5 Risk reduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 3.6 Risk Sharing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 3 Possible Strategies for Risk Mitigation..............Read MoreRisk Management At Germantown Hospital1647 Words   |  7 Pages Risk Management When the term â€Å"Risk management† is mentioned, those that are not familiar with it may not be fully aware of the seriousness of it. It is defined as â€Å"the identification, analysis, assessment, control, avoidance, minimization, or elimination of unacceptable risks (Risk Management 2015).† There are a variety of methods that an organization may use in order to properly manage future events, such as risk retention, risk assumption, risk avoidance, and risk transfer as well as many otherRead MoreEvaluating The Iso 31000 Risk Management1599 Words   |  7 Pagesof risk and risk management. Furthermore, because of a strong demand at home and abroad for improved risk management systems, the 2000 decade saw the passing of several risk management acts and reforms of which required increased transparency and increased executive management oversight. Because of the previous, this paper will analyze how Caterpillar may be able to apply the ISO 31000 risk management stand ard to safely control its exposure against â€Å"hazard risk.† Enterprise Risk Management (ERM)Read MoreThe Role of Risk Management in Project Management1629 Words   |  7 PagesTHE ROLE OF RISK MANAGEMENT IN PROJECT MANAGEMENT Risk Risk is an uncertain event or a set of circumstances whose occurrence will have an impact on achievement of one or more of the expected project goal and objectives. Probability – A risk is an event that may occur. The probability of it occurring can range anywhere from just above 0 percent to just below 100 percent. Impact – A risk, by its very nature, always has a negative impact. However, the size of the impact varies in termsRead MoreRisk Management. Junior Florentville. Medgar Evers College.1096 Words   |  5 Pages Risk Management Junior Florentville Medgar Evers College â€Æ' Risk Management Risk management is a process for identifying, assessing and prioritizing risks of different kinds. Once the risks are identified, the risk manager will create a plan to minimize or eliminate the impact of negative events. A variety of strategies is available, depending on the type of risk and the type of business. There are a number of risk management standards including those developed by the Project Management InstituteRead MoreChapter 4 Risk Management Essay1322 Words   |  6 PagesChapter 4 - Risk Management 1. What is risk management? Why is identification of risks, by listing assets and their vulnerabilities, so important to the risk management process? Risk management is the process of identifying risk, as represented by vulnerabilities, to an organization’s information assets and infrastructure, and taking steps to reduce this risk to an acceptable level. Each of the three elements in the C.I.A. triangle, introduced in Chapter 1, is an essential part of every IT organization’sRead MoreEmployee Responsibility Essay1364 Words   |  6 Pagesmust control for this by adding preventative measures for the loss and ensuring that these employees are either not hired in the future, or trained accordingly. By doing nothing and allowing these conditions to continue, the owner is placed at further risk. Furthermore, because this is a restaurant, the employees(chefs) must be adequately trained and reminded of their responsibilities to avoid accidents involving cooking utensils. The employer would be held liable for employees getting hurt in the kitchen

Women s Search For Selfhood - 2169 Words

Women’s search for selfhood, for self-discovery or identity are themes that are represented in Kate Chopin’s work. Chopin was on the same regular path as other women in her era. She got married at the age of twenty and had six children. When her husband passed away Chopin wanted to support herself so she decided to start writing which was also an outlet for her feelings. During the nineteenth century women were getting sick of the rules that were forced on them and Chopin expressed her feeling towards it through her writing. Her feelings led her to freely comment on society which successfully demonstrated the movement of feminism. Chopin was a big influence for women who wanted to be treated equal with men and have the same opportunities they had. Chopin s stories contain much mental understanding of deep things that draws attention to her characters and plots. Important themes in her writing were female sexuality, inequality of men and women, male dominance. Chopin can use the physical setting in her stories to bring attention to important themes, affect the way of thinking of the characters, and add to the mood of her stories. Kate Chopin’s work displayed the difficulty of women living in a society where women were dealing with so many restrictions. The Awakening and â€Å"The Story of an Hour† were her best work and became very popular. Her stories will sometimes involve a death of a character because she experienced many tragic deaths in her life. Her father died when sheShow MoreRelatedThe Instituition of Marriage748 Words   |  3 PagesInstitution of Marriage In the story â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper†, by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, I will discuss how women were oppressed by the institution of marriage in the nineteenth century while making comparative references to â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin. Women were treated as second class citizens during the 1800’s, which under rule of their husband weren’t allowed to be a person of their own, but live in the shadow of their husband. The narrator in â€Å"The yellow Wallpaper†Read MoreThe Double-Fold Oppression Of Intersectionality. The American1642 Words   |  7 Pagesexplanation for its deep roots in American society, especially works by women such as Alice Walker and Toni Morrison. Despite the severe racism and poverty Alice Walker faces as the daughter of sharecroppers in Georgia, the memory of her being forced to move to the back of a segregated bus inspires her to write The Color Purple. By tracing the life of a young black woman named Celie, Walker encapsulates the despairing situation of black women in the 1940s, who struggle to escape from the command of whiteRead MoreUsurpation of Identity in ‚Äà ºThe Yellow Wallpaper‚Äà ¹1096 Words   |  5 Pagesbizarre wall-covering has been used as an early example of post-partum depression. In the latter part of the 1800’s women were seen as inferior subordinates to men who could not be trusted due to the effect of the female organs on their brains. The narrator is almost certainly a victim of the lack of medical knowledge of the day, while the prevailing attitudes in the medical field of women as childlike and the social pressure of male domination contribute to the narrator’s illness. The husband’s roleRead MoreKate Chopin s Life And Feminism1281 Words   |  6 PagesPontellier, a radical feminist, and Adele Ratignolle, a subtle feminist, demonstrate to the reader the desire for equality for women. The actions of these characters critique on the social problems of the time period while at the same time advocating for women’s rights and independence. Edna’s words and actions often comment on the unfair nature of marriage and the right for women to challenge this unfairness. 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His themes are about the power of immoral energy, political philosophy,romantic nature, spheres of desire and language, sexuality, human existence, self- growth, solution of conflict, selfhood, otherness, and blood- consciousness. He is a kind of writer who opens the various doors to critical viewpoints.Worthern stated that Lawrence had ethical education in a big assembly of Eastwood and trained himself both in moral and mental issuesRead MoreDon Robertson and Charlotte Perkins Gilman explore the theme of personal identity throughout their1300 Words   |  6 Pageshis mistakes throughout the book and wanting to earn self-respect for himself as well as through his journey to see his best friend, Stanley Chaloupka while Gilman shows this through the narrators fight for sanity, illustrating the fight for selfhood by a women in not only an oppressed environment but in an oppressive environment as well. The theme of personal identity is prevalent in almost every part of Robertson’s, The Greatest Thing Since Sliced Bread. Whether it is from Morris Birds little storiesRead MoreFeminism in Jane Eyre Essay1648 Words   |  7 Pagestime where the Bildungsroman was a common form of literature. The importance was that the mid-nineteenth century was, the age in which women were, for the first time, ranked equally with men as writers within a major genre (Sussman 1). In many of these novels, the themes were the same; the protagonist dealt with the same issues, search for autonomy and selfhood in opposition to the social constraints placed upon the female, including the demand for marriage (Sussman). Jane Eyre fits this mouldRead MoreWomen s Self Discovery Through Literary Text1902 Words   |  8 Pagesand ideological changes. Women were always seen as wanting to have a family and not seen as intellectual beings. Authors like Kate Chopin presented her views on sex, marriage, and wome n during that period. While authors like Charlotte Perkins Gilman highlighted women’s desire to me more than just a wife. Chopin uses the self-awareness journey in The Awakening to reveal how difficult it was for women to be liberating through Edna Pontellier. Gilman stresses the struggle women went through when tryingRead More A Look At Cheap Amusements Essay1813 Words   |  8 Pagespresented for both the benefit of cheap amusements for a woman s place in society and for the reinforcement of her place. In one breath, Peiss says that mixed-sex fun could be a source of autonomy and pleasure as well as a cause of [a woman s] continuing oppression. The following arguments will show that, based on the events and circumstances described in Cheap Amusements , the changes in the ways that leisure time is spent by women has indeed benefited them in both the workplace and at home. This

Chronicity And Co Morbidity In Healthcare †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Chronicity And Co Morbidity In Healthcare. Answer: Introduction: The health care industry has advanced considerably in the past few decades and what used to be an incurable morbidity, taking hundreds of lives; now there are different treatment options for it. However, it also needs to be considered that despite all the technological revolution in the health care industry, there still is a number of emerging public health concerns that mortality rates are increasing rapidly (Lisspers et al., 2014). One of the most common of these health priorities can be considered the chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder that targets more than 34% of the global population and this particular health disorder contributes to a large proportion of mortality to the health care sector. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder or COPD is a respiratory disease which can be characterized by the blocked respiratory airways, shortness of breath and excessive sputum or cough production. The patient suffering with COPD can be cared for optimally if a multidisciplinary team having different experts belonging to different care sectors; ho can address differential care needs of the patient. This assignment will attempt to evaluate all aspects associated with caring for a patient suffering with COPD taking the help of a case study. Interrelationship of complexity, chronicity and co-morbidity in healthcare COPD is the chronic illness and is associated with various comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, cardiac disease, osteoporosis, hypertension,muscle weakness and other psychological disorders (Mellado et al., 2016). Chronicity of the illness refers to the condition that is difficult to be cured. Comorbidities are the medical condition that are associated and occur together with the main illness. These comorbidities add to the complexity of the chronic disease. COPD is the complex disease, as the patient had to cope up with various other comorbidities, which increases the length of the hospital study and exacerbation of COPD symptoms (Donner et al., 2017). Therefore, it mandates the need of more than one drug to fight the comorbidities along with COPD. Risk factors such as smoking, medication interaction, aging and lack of treatment of comorbidities add to the complexity of the comorbidities and outcomes in the patients with COPD. The complexity of the presentation of the symptoms makes it challenging for the clinicians to mage the chronic disease (De Lucas-Ramos et al., 2017). Thus, the complexity, chronicity and the comorbidity is interrelated in the health care and this concept must be clear to the health care providers to rightly handle the upcoming challenges. In the given study, Angela (COPD patient) was presented to her GP with increasing shortness of breath, increased sputum production, which has changed to dark yellow with green staining. Her condition is worsening daily. She is feeling unwell since several days. Her SaO2 is 84% on room air, temperature 38.4 C, She is significantly dyspnoeic, struggling to say more than 5 words without a breath. Her pulse is 104bpm and her BP remains elevated at 162/102mmHg. Due to inadequate intake of the medication, her symptoms have exacerbated. Consequently, she had to increase her antibiotics, nebulisers and oxygen therapy to maintain SpO2 above 92%. Due to hospitalisation, her mental well-being is affected. She is more upset due to burden of illness, inconvenience caused to her family, and at unable to care for daughters. Thus, chronic illness and associated comorbidities makes treatment more complex that ultimately affected both the physical and mental wellbeing. Pathophysiology of COPD COPD is characterised by airway inflammation, structural changes in the airway and mucociliary dysfunction. As a consequent of exposure to the inhaled irritants such as polluted air, tobacco smoke a chronic inflammation of the airway and lung tissues occurs along with the inflammation in the blood vessels (Celli, 2014). When the irritants are inhaled, it stimulates the lymphocytes, neutrophils, CD8+T-lymphocytes, and other inflammatory cells such as macrophages, and B cells. These stimulated cells are activated to trigger a cascade (Celli, 2014). Firstly, the inflammatory mediators are released such as interferongamma, tumour necrosis factor alpha, C-reactive protein, and interleukins (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8). These mediators can sustain the inflammatory process. They induce range of systemic effects and leads to tissue damage (Rodrguez-Roisin, 2014). Secondly, the chronic illness leads to various structural changes in the lugs that limit the airflow. The airway inflammation remain associated with the COPD due to airway remodelling. The narrowing of the airway is caused by the peribronchial fibrosis, over multiplication of the epithelial cells of the airways, damage of the airway and build-up of the scar tissues (Mitchell, 2015). This results in the loss of lung tissue elasticity. It is caused by the damage of the structures that support alveoli. It results in collapse of small airways on exhalation. It causes trapped air in the lungs and impedes airflow. This reduces the lung capacity (Pouwels et al., 2017). Thirdly, the mucous glands are enlarged by smoking and consequent inflammation. These glands line the lung airway and upon enlargement, it leads to goblet cell metaplasia. Ultimately, the region is filled with mucous secreting cells. COPD inflammation damages the mucociliary transport system that cleans the airway mucus. Eventually mucous is accumulated in the airways that blocks and worsen the airflow (Rogers, 2014). The pathophysiology of COPD detailed above can be related with the case study. Angela experiences dyspnoea and shortness of breath. Dyspnoea results due to airflow obstruction and exertion. The damage caused to lungs makes it hard to breath as the airflow is limited. It takes more efforts to make air travel. The breathing irritants may have damaged the tiny air sacs within the lungs. Therefore, the COPD patients develop emphysema. The shortness of breath is also related to irritants and mucous that cause swelling and inflammation. In case of Angela, shortness of breath can also be the sign of flare up or exacerbation. It may be also be caused by the infections, Flu or pneumonia (Mitchell, 2015). The elevated blood pressure in Angela can be related with the pulmonary hypertension due to arteries that transfer blood to lungs. It forces a patient to breath faster (Rodrguez-Roisin, 2014). Nursing intervention for COPD: Nursing diagnosis Care goals Interventions Rationale Expected outcome Shortness of breath or dyspnoea. The patient will retain normal breathing pattern The patient will maintain normal respirator rate. The oxygen saturation limit of the patient will increase. Placing the patient in the semi-fowlers position. Performing CPT or chest physical therapy to the patient. Increasing the fluid intake of the patient considerably. Maintaining a patent airway technique, and secrete suctioning is also performed as per the discretion of the medical practitioner. Providing respiratory support to the patient in case of aggravated dyspnoea (Punekar, Shukla Mllerova, 2014). Administering cough suppressant medicines and analgesics if the patient experiences pain and discomfort in the chest or airway. This will allow the patient to have maximum lung expansion and the breathing rate will subsequently increase. Increasing the fluid intake of the patient will liquefy the secretions as soon as possible (van der Molen Cazzola, 2012). As dyspnoea is characterized by the blocked airways due to the accumulation of sputum, the suctioning will remove the excess cough and clear the airways. In case the dyspnoea of the patient is aggravated and the patient cannot breathe on her own, respiratory support will help in stabilizing her condition. The cpugh suprresants will liquefy the accumulated cough and the mild analgesics will help the patent feel comfortable. The patient experience easier breathing exercise. The patient no longer experiences dyspnoea and the breathing rate of the patient returns to normal. Ineffective airway clearance Maintaining the airway patency of the patient with the breathing sounds getting clearer. Demonstrating breathing interventions to the patient to improve airway clearance by the means of effectively coughing and secretion removal. Auscultation of the breathing sounds of the patient checking for wheezes, crackles or rhonchi. Assessment of respiratory rate taking into accounts both the inspiratory and expiratory ratio. Assessing the presence of air hunger in the patient, characterized by restlessness, respiratory distress, and excessive usage of respiratory muscles. Providing a comfortable, safe, warm environment for the patient which is absolutely devoid of any environmental pollution (van der Molen, Miravitlles Kocks, 2013). Administration of intervention techniques like oral bronchodilators, pursed lip breathing exercises, suctioning, bronchial tapping while coughing, etc. It will indicate if the patient is expressing any indication of bronchospasm. It will assess whether the patient has tachypnea (van der Molen, Miravitlles Kocks, 2013). Presence ofb air hunger i9n the patient will indicate at the onset of severe respiratory dysfunction in the patient aggravated by any infection of allergic reaction. A warm and comfortable environment will help the patient relax, and the absence of any polluter like dust, smoke will help in minimizing the infection. These intervention techniques will help the patient breathe more effectively and facilitate better airway clearance (Glaab et al., 2012). The airway of the pati9ent will be effectively cleared. The patient will face no difficulties in maintain normal breathing pattern. Risk for infection The patient will communicate the probable risk factors or grievances. Identificatioj and administration of interventions that reduce the risk for infection. Facilitating changes in the lifestyle of the patient to promote safe and comfortable environment Monitoring the temperature of the patient Observing the nature, colour and odour of the sputum (Davis et al., 2015). Engaging the patient in effective and hygienic disposal of sputum and handwashing . Administration of oral antibiotics if presence of infection is confirmed. The fever might be indicative of the onset of infection in the patient. Presence of odor, or yellowish to greenish coloration in the sputum is indicative of pulmonary infection. Will reduce the risk of infection. Antibiotics will effectively combat the spreading infection (Lisspers et al., 2014). The patient will not acquire any infection while staying in the facility and will attain a speedy recovery. Health coaching, self-management, empowerment and advocacy: COPD is the leading cause of death in many countries and most people are not aware of the factors that exacerbate the symptoms. It is necessary for the patients to learn the COPD conditions and factors of exacerbations. Learning about the comorbidities makes the patient take better care of health. Therefore, coaching is necessary to aware patients on the indoor and outdoor air pollutants that can block the airway. It will help the patients to avoid the risk factors. Coaching the patient will help in the early detection, prevention, improved treatment and care (Baker Fatoye, 2017). In case of Angela, she must be taught about the side effects of medications (oral prednisolone, salbutamol) and signs that need immediate attention of the GP. She must be educated on the self-management skills. Self-management of COPD includes smoking cessation, self-care of exacerbations, participating in physical activities, performing breathing exercises, maintaining proper diet, adhering to the medications prescribed by the GP (). It will reduce the exacerbations as Angela is repeatedly admitted in hospital due to poor medication adherence and delayed intervention. According to Lenferink et al. (2017) comprehensive self-management is possible by coaching the patients and it has been found effective to some extent in improving the quality of life. Reducing the exacerbation will relive a Angela of anxiety and stress due to frequent hospitalisation. It will empower her to have faith in her medication. It will increase her self-efficacy and participate actively in treatment process. Collaboration by registered nurse: Registered nurses are in the key position to manage the COPD patients. The nurse must collaborate with the patients and her family members to enhance the care. The nurse must be able to initiate life style management plan for Angela. The nurse must consult with the dietician to develop appropriate diet plan for Angela. The nurse must collaborate with social worker to help Angela deal with any other psychosocial factors hampering her health such as caring for her daughters (Efraimsson et al., 2015). On addition addressing the funding issues and recognising other barriers is necessary to improve the patient wellbeing. Since COPD involves comorbidities, the registered nurse must collaborate with the pulmonologists (optimising treatment), respiratory therapists (ventilator support therapies, inhaler training), case managers (coordinate care needs after discharge) and information system specialists (for designing the medication reconciliation plan) (Flinter et al., 2017). Conclusion: On a concluding note, it can be said that chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder or COPD is a respiratory disease which can be characterized by the blocked respiratory airways, shortness of breath and excessive sputum or cough production. There can be a varied reasons contributing to the formation of this disease although the most common risk factors associated with this disease are excessive smoking, past medical history of chronic asthma, and genetic inclination towards developing this disease. 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