5 Examples of Extraneous Hyphens

5 Examples of Extraneous Hyphens 5 Examples of Extraneous Hyphens 5 Examples of Extraneous Hyphens By Mark Nichol Hyphens are useful easily overlooked details that guide in peruser cognizance. In spite of the fact that disarray isn't at incredible hazard in phrases like â€Å"sharp-dressed man† (however the oversight of the hyphen recommends that the entry actually alludes to a dressed man who is sharp) others, for example, â€Å"small-business owner,† can at any rate summon diverting symbolism in the event that they exclude the hyphen. What's more, such hyphenated word strings as â€Å"song-and-move man† and â€Å"customer-relationship-the board software† help keep the peruser concentrated, however sensibly loosening up an expression is frequently an invite arrangement: The previous expression isn’t debilitating to peruse, yet what about â€Å"software for client relationship management† in lieu of the last mentioned? Then again, sins of commission viewing hyphenation are as endemic as those of oversight. Here are instances of unnecessary use: 1. â€Å"Mergers and acquisitions ground to a close end in 2001.† â€Å"Near-halt† and its cousins â€Å"near-disaster† and â€Å"near-miss† are consequences of a misconception: When close to changes another descriptor, it ought to be hyphenated to its colleague (â€Å"near-deadly accident†), however a hyphen serves no utilization in connecting close in separation legitimately to a thing. 2. â€Å"The as of late propelled firm made due by restricting itself to unassumingly scaled projects.† Verb modifiers finishing off with - ly never will be never hyphenated, however addition free intensifiers are: â€Å"longer-enduring freshness.† 3. â€Å"The for the most part level cleared path is an inline-skater’s dream.† In the past compound things that are currently open or shut, for example, â€Å"income tax† or â€Å"taskmaster,† were probably going to be hyphenated. That utilization, nonetheless, is presently viewed as bygone (with some bewildering special cases, for example, attitude and living thing). Securely accept that pretty much any such linkage you see is inaccurate however, to be protected, I offer the backwards of a bit of generally useful guidance: Distrust, yet confirm. 4. â€Å"She understood that the police division was not exactly devoted to helping her.† Venture back and consider what advantage of cognizance collects from making the cart train of â€Å"less-than-dedicated,† then extract the culpable hyphens. 5. â€Å"The beginning focus is seven-feet tall.† The need of hyphenating physical measurements in phrasal descriptive words (â€Å"the seven-foot-tall center†) confounds numerous authors into accepting that any expressing having to do with size or weight or separation must be connected. â€Å"Seven-foot-tall center† is hyphenated so as not to propose that the tall community has seven feet, however no such vagueness goes to â€Å"seven feet tall.† Need to improve your English shortly a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities every day! Continue learning! Peruse the Punctuation class, check our famous posts, or pick a related post below:Avoid Beginning a Sentence with â€Å"With†What is the Difference Between Metaphor and Simile?Prepositions to Die With

Affirmative Action Essay Example for Free

Governmental policy regarding minorities in society Essay Governmental policy regarding minorities in society is approaches to give extraordinary consideration or compensatory treatment to individuals from beforehand drawbacks gathering. There is a great deal of history and occasions behind this arrangement. To begin with, in 1978 the Supreme Court tended to the issue just because with the instance of Alan Bakke. He was a multi year old who had been sit tight recorded for affirmation by the University of California at Davis. His scores and grades where higher than the various African Americans so his dismissal was proclaimed illicit in light of the fact that they decided his confirmation by his race. Likewise, in 1979, the court decided that a plant and an association could intentionally receive a share framework in choosing dark specialists over increasingly senior white laborers for a preparation program. Accordingly in 1980, Ronald Reagan, an enthusiastic enemy of for governmental policy regarding minorities in society was at long last upheld. Following this occasion, in 1989 the preeminent court passed on five social liberties choices constraining governmental policy regarding minorities in society projects and making it harder to demonstrate business segregation. In conclusion, in 1990 Congress passed enactment intended to overrule the Court’s decisions, however President George Bush vetoed it. At that point in 1991 Congress made a more fragile form of the Civil Rights Act the overruled the Supreme Court decisions which disallowed the utilization of amounts or governmental policy regarding minorities in society. The contentions for governmental policy regarding minorities in society is that there ought to be a sure number of a race admitted to a school or occupation. There ought to be standards that must be met with various minority gatherings. Just the â€Å"superior Caucasian race† should fill the schools or employment positions. Every other person is marked â€Å"not sufficient for the position. † The contention against governmental policy regarding minorities in society is that it is supremacist and damages all the social equality laws we battled for. Everybody ought to have an equivalent chance to fill the position regardless of their race, sex, ethnicity, and so forth. As I would like to think, I don’t think governmental policy regarding minorities in society is required today. I think it is 100% off-base and bigot. For what reason should my race matter on the off chance that I land the position or get acknowledged to a school? It shouldn’t matter, particularly in the event that I can work or study similarly as hard as a Caucasian understudy. We contended to energetically for social equality with the goal for this to be satisfactory. Turn around segregation is the point at which a minority is the larger part. This for the most part occurs with bunches equipped towards that minority. That minority would treat other with governmental policy regarding minorities in society simply like they have presumably been treated previously. For instance, school that is generally dark will likely acknowledge progressively African American understudies contrasted with some other race. Indeed, I accept that converse separation despite everything happens today. Those minority bunches need greater part gatherings to feel what they felt and experience governmental policy regarding minorities in society. With every up-and-comer I thought about their evaluation, scores, and extra curricular exercises. I thought about their GPA and exercises over their SAT/ACT scores since I accept that not every person is a decent test taker. I accept that those tests shouldn’t decide if you get acknowledged to a school or not. I don’t imagine that those scores can advise whether an understudy will prevail in school or not. I feel that their GPA and secondary school evaluations ought to establish that. I additionally imagine that, that test shouldn’t decide anything since it isn’t reasonable; it is designed for Caucasian understudies. I accept that race ought not assume any job in whether an understudy gets acknowledged, denied, or put on the shortlist. Because I’m African American and the following understudy is Caucasian doesn’t mean we are extraordinary. By the day's end the two understudies are applying and going to school to get training and satisfy their objectives and aspirations. Affirmations officials ought to consider how remarkable an understudy is and the amount they truly acknowledge instruction. All schools should meet their potential candidates since anybody can compose anything on a bit of paper. The procedure is presumably extremely troublesome in light of the fact that there are a great deal of astounding candidates. Race ought not be expressed while choosing understudies for school. I accept that will take out governmental policy regarding minorities in society and different issues. For a school to â€Å"set aside† a specific spot for minority gatherings or to give extraordinary treatment to specific gatherings could mean one of two things as I would like to think. First it could imply that they are being bigot and trust one gathering is better over another. It could likewise imply that the school is attempting to make that understudy agreeable by giving them individuals they can identify with. Most minority bunches rush together in any case. I do accept that it isn't right for those gatherings to have unique treatment over others since we are on the whole equivalent. I don’t think universities take part in this action today, yet they likely have before. This most likely occurred in the past when race played a major factor in everyone’s life. I accept that schools should make every candidate unknown while applying so everybody has an equivalent and reasonable possibility. Affirmations officials should just know the understudies capacities and achievements which will concede them to the school or not. I believe that it is out of line how universities resort to picking understudies to go to their schools. I wish this procedure could improve later on. On the off chance that an understudy buckled down in secondary school and has incredible models to go to the school, at that point for what reason would it be a good idea for them to be denied over somebody whose race is increasingly interesting? I accept that we are for the most part equivalent and we should all get a similar treatment regardless of our race.

How to Write a College Essay About Yourself

How to Write a College Essay About YourselfYou are probably looking for how to write a college essay about yourself. This is probably the first thing that comes to mind when someone asks 'how to write a college essay about yourself'. The reason why this is so important is because it can have a huge impact on whether or not you are accepted into college. While there is no way to please everyone, writing an essay on yourself and telling your story is an excellent way to get that college acceptance letter rolling.There are several different points that you want to make in your essay. One of these points should be the 'why' of your success. If you want to succeed in college, you need to be able to tell a good story. Tell the reader why you deserve to be accepted into college. How can you do this?First, decide what major you would like to pursue. After this decision is made, decide if you want to major in English, Science, History, Liberal Arts, or something else. Determine the specific m ajor that you would like to go into. This will help set the tone for your essay. This will also help you get an idea of what areas you will be covering in your college essay.It can be very difficult to explain why you think you deserve to be accepted into college if you do not come from a successful background. Use that to motivate you in your essay. Give examples of how you overcame some form of adversity and how you gained some sort of advantage in the process. Something that could apply to you would be your ambition.If you do not know what type of major you want to go into, ask yourself a few questions about your overall general academic skills. What do you like best in your classes? Do you have trouble focusing in class?The next step in college admissions writing is to figure out what kind of personality you have. Do you have a particularly passionate passion about a certain topic? Or, are you more focused on the topic but also into a lot of other things? Both of these can be de alt with in the middle of your essay by saying something like 'I have always been fascinated by the subject of Spanish'.Lastly, be sure to avoid the common pitfalls of essay writing. Always start your essay with a preface. The preface should discuss your reasons for going to college, the background of why you are applying, and who you are going to be talking to throughout the essay.Writing a college essay about yourself is a good thing to do. You want to get this essay out to as many people as possible. Good luck!

Power of Irony in Literature Essay - 1243 Words

Strictly speaking, irony is simply a discordance or incongruity of facts. It arises when a discrepancy occurs between what a person says and what he does . Chua, in his Enjoying Fiction discusses that there are three forms of irony that exist in literature. These are the verbal, situational and dramatic ironies. When used properly, the irony as an element of fiction not only arouses the interest of the readers but also supplements the message that the author intends to translate. There are several literary works that epitomize the proper and exquisite use of irony. If we consider dramatic irony, the most appropriate example to attest to what irony can do to a literary work if used effectively, is Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex.†¦show more content†¦The story revolves around a lottery, an annual lottery that is witnessed by the entire town. Mr. Summers has been for many years the administrator of this activity and through the years he carried this black box, now no longer blac k, a victim of time, that contained what used to be wooden chips but have been replaces by paper slips. For many years, Mr. Summers had attempted to replace this wooden box, but he lived in a town that did not want to upset tradition [5]. In the end, we find out that it is no ordinary lottery. The winner does not receive a prize of any sort, instead we find out that the winner has to be stoned to death. The story closes with a boy stoning his mother to death [70-78]. First, we have to analyze how the irony was developed in the story. Jackson, by painting a rather harmless ambience, as I said earlier, misleads the reader to believing that the theme of the story is relatively light, the reader through this strategy will be unable to anticipate such a twisted ending. She supplements this by using a relatively light tone through her story. Even at the ending, her descriptions are straightforward and light but the mood that it ensues is haunting and gloomy. This sort of approach fed the situational irony reach to its highest level, making it stand-out and even exemplify the â€Å"power† of the story. There also several messages that the Jackson wishesShow MoreRelatedJane Austens Influence in the Romantic Period958 Words   |  4 PagesVictorian era served as a transition between the Romantic period and the literature of the twentieth century† (Victorian Literature.). During this Era, writers constructed stories that criticized societal, economical, religious, and philosophical believes of the time. â€Å"Much of Victorian literature criticized the increased industrialization of the world, and on the other hand, the deterioration of the rural lifestyle† (Victorian Literature.). There were also conflicts between the different classes, becauseRead MoreAnalysis Of The Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin895 Words   |  4 PagesIrony and Foreshadowing in Story of an Hour In the short story, Story of an Hour, Kate Chopin chronicles the short journey of a woman who has recently learned of the death of her husband from a railroad accident. Kate Chopin is known for her stories which revolve around women and the world from their perspective, and Story of an Hour is no exception. As a writer, Chopin utilizes and employs many rhetorical devices to add emotion and depth to her world. Though Story of an Hour is riddled with rhetoricalRead MoreAnimal Farm And Fahrenheit 4511020 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"central government†. When citizens of these societies fail to stand up and protect their rights, authority figures will keep increasing their level of aggressiveness until it ruptures the society. When the authorities in these novels abuse their power, it fractures the society and greatly increases corruption. Orwell and Bradbury both did a tremendous job in developing the characters and the overall setting to help the reader understand the important message of the story. In Animal FarmRead MoreUse of Irony in Literature1051 Words   |  4 PagesIrony is best defined as the usage of words in a way that is the exact opposite of their literal meaning. There are various forms of irony, including situation irony, in which people or things act the opposite that one would expect them to act in a given situation, or in which certain ideas are contrasted with those that are their exact opposite. Situation irony is readily demonstrated in William Saffords Travelling through the Dark, Henry Reeds Naming of Parts, and Gary Sotos Behind GrandmasRead MoreFor the Love of God, Poe! Essay1359 Words   |  6 Pageseyes, the power of the dead over the power of the living, retribution, the human conscience, and especially death and murder. From his disturbingly morbid short story â€Å"The Tel ltale Heart† to the mysteriously supernatural poem â€Å"The Raven†, Poe’s tales are a direct byproduct of the mayhem experienced in his life, as well as his (arguably) psychologically-tormented mind. Though all of this author’s pieces are very rich in elaborate themes, motifs, and especially fantastically blatant irony, one particularlyRead MoreThe Themes Of Saki And Frosts The Interlopers By Robert Frost910 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"There is more power in unity than division.† -Emanuel Cleaver (â€Å"Unity Quotes†) Cleaver’s idea is embraced by many, and supported by Saki and Robert Frost in their respective stories. â€Å"The Interlopers†, written by Saki, pits the two main characters against the struggle of generational hate. Ulrich von Gradwitz and Georg Znaeym were raised to hate each other, and on one night, both men set out in quest of their human enemy. Robert Frost’s â€Å"Mending Wall† centers arou nd two neighbors, one with pinesRead MoreFrom Behind The Veil Analysis1009 Words   |  5 PagesMiddle Eastern Literature Essay â€Å"There was something about her, a certain strength of purpose and character, which confused him†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Ayyoub 101). This excerpt from the short story â€Å"From Behind the Veil,† written by Dhu’l Nun Ayyoub, displays how differently people treat their beliefs. This story, along with an essay, â€Å"A Portrait of Egypt,† written by Mary Anne Weaver, discusses the topic of Egypt and how their past has developed today’s culture. Beliefs tend to portray people depending on how theyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Ozymandias 1512 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many critical reviews of this poem; however, the profound sense of irony that is conveyed is the one that resonates the greatest. Irony, as used in literature, is defined as, â€Å"a technique of indicating, as through character or plot development, an intention or attitude opposite to that which is actually or ostensibly stated† (â€Å"Irony†). In Ozymandias, Percy Shelly used complex phrasing, irony, and the primal power of nature to characterize the collapse of the Ramses II empire. A traveler relatingRead MoreSymbolism In The Fault In Our Stars1014 Words   |  5 Pagesis very frequent in real life and in literature. Mainly when it comes to diseases like cancer. Diseases are a way to drive a plot, link in a theme and draw in symbolism. In The Fault in Our Stars, one of the main characters ,Augustus Waters, lost his leg to a bone type cancer. Even with successful treatment, his cancer still manages to get worse and unfortunately leading him to his death. His death is reflective of the principles governing disease in literature because his treatments was working perfectlyRead MoreSatire of a Modest Proposal Essay1331 Words   |  6 PagesIrony is a beautiful technique exercised to convey a message or call a certain group of people to action. This rhetorical skill is artfully used by Jonathan Swift in his pamphlet â€Å"A Modest Proposal.† The main argument for this mordantly ironic essay is to capture the attention of a disconnected and indifferent audie nce. Swift makes his point by stringing together a dreadfully twisted set of morally untenable positions in order to cast blame and aspersions on his intended audience. Jonathan Swift’s

The Birth and Death of the Amercan Dream - 1009 Words

Adam Walder’s Vision for UGHH: Adam Walder is both a zealous and determined businessman who devotes his full efforts to consistently attaining his ambitions. When he began drafting the first lines of code for Underground Hip Hop, Walder had one goal: â€Å"he just wanted people to hear [his] music† (p. 2). Walder’s passion for his â€Å"hobby† is what drove him to initial success, but it was his dedication to bring underground rap and hip-hop music to his fans that allowed for future accomplishments. Walder had a handle on his market segmentation, easily identifying the sociocultural factor of taste in hip-hop music, to propel his business (Hill, 440). By creating a functioning feedback loop on his site that manifested itself in the form of a†¦show more content†¦A businessperson who wants to do everything himself/herself will quickly find that he/she is making no progress. Walder needs to trust his employee’s abilities, and get past his fears of programmers quitting, leaving unfinished code. (p. 8). To combat this fear of losing employees, Walder should focus on creating and solidifying a strong organizational culture, instilling certain values among workers (Hill, 341). As the company grows in size, Walder will need to make more hires, especially on the technical side of operations. If not, he will be unable to keep the website functioning properly with the influx of site traffic as UGHH grows and develops. UGHH Financing Adam Walder sees his debt-free business, a result of internally funded business practices, as a fact to boast about. Although this process does protect UGHH from accumulating too much debt, it also limits the company’s expansion significantly. Debt can be harmful to many businesses, but there is also a concept called â€Å"good debt†; the debt a company incurs to propagate it forward and expedite business processes. If UGHH were to take out loans and allow itself to acquire debt, it could have expanded into a suitable warehouse sooner, ordered more merchandise and marketed itself effectively. The current financing strategy that UGHH utilizes causes it to miss out on strategic business opportunities and limit its growth. Recommendation In today’s economic environment, technology grows

Wag The Dog Essay - 939 Words

Although the movie Wag the Dog is a comedy about a completly fake war, written and produced by a top Hollywood producer and a presidential Mr. Fix-It in order to take the focus off of a presidential sex scandel 11 days before the election, it does have a serious message to impart - Dont believe everything you see on TV. Sure, parents tell their kids that the man on TV isnt really dead, its all fake, and we all know that movies and sitcoms and dramas arent real, theyre written and acted. But we believe the shows not labelled fiction. We watch documentries and biographies and absorb the information as the truth. When we watch the news at 6:00 pm every evening, and read the paper over coffee and breakfast, we believe everything†¦show more content†¦They create a short grainy news footage piece of a young girl running from her village holding a kitten. She is in fact an actor and running through an empty studio. The kitten, village, and sound effects of screaming and sirens are added in later. This piece is played on the evening news and touches the heart of millions of Americans. They innocently trust what they are seeing because it is on the news. The news is not supposed to be fiction, it is supposed to be an accurate, objective view of what is happening in the world around us. It is not supposed to be made up to influence such things as who we decide to vote for. It is interesting to note that after the video was shown, many newspapers didnt even have mention of the Firefly girl that accused the President of sexual misconduct. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The power of the media is such that even though we think we can trust everything we hear or read, we have to view it objectively and not absorb the opinions professed as our own. These opinions are often sublty mentioned to influence us and our opinions. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The media already influence us and our opinions too much already. For instance, our opinions on what the ideal is for beauty. The media constantly portray the beauty of women being in their non existent weight. If you actually look at most of the models on the runway, youd be thinking yuck!! But because they wearShow MoreRelatedWag the Dog958 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough the movie Wag the Dog is a comedy about a completly fake war, written and produced by a top Hollywood producer and a presidential Mr. Fix-It in order to take the focus off of a presidential sex scandel 11 days before the election, it does have a serious message to impart - Dont believe everything you see on TV. Sure, parents tell their kids that the man on TV isnt really dead, its all fake, and we all know that movies and sitcoms and dramas arent real, theyre written and acted. ButRead MoreEssay on Wag the Dog1203 Words   |  5 PagesWag the Dog In today’s dynamic world we rely on different sources of information using varieties of information technologies. We depend on the various mass media for information about events in and outside of the United States. This information influences, and often shapes the view of our country and the world, and helps us determine the position on issues that affect us. The media indeed shapes our reality. Media is and will always be the conductor between a government and the people theyRead MoreEssay on Wag The Dog862 Words   |  4 Pages Wag The Dog nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The movie starts with the President hit with the claim he had sexual relations with a firefly girl during a tour of the white house, and all this happens two weeks before the election. Im not sure if this movie was actually based upon the Lewinsky scandal that our current president is facing, but it seems this movie came at the right time. The story is similar, as far as the sex charges, and a war to cover it up. ClintonRead MoreMovie Analysis : The Dog1346 Words   |  6 PagesThe 1997 Barry Levinson’s film Wag the Dog narrates its viewers a story about the successful rescue of the US President’s reputation that has been stained substantially. The President was involved in a sexual scandal eleven days before the election, according to the film’s plot. In order for him to be re-elected for the second term, extreme measures were taken by a Hollywood film producer Stanley Motss (Dustin Hoffman) and consultant Conrad Bean (Robert De Niro) t o raise the ratings of the actingRead MoreConflicts That Arise from Particular Ways of Seeing the World Are Made Evident Through the Shaping of Texts-Barry Levinson’s Film â€Å"Wag the Dog† and Michael Moore’s Documentary â€Å"Fahrenheit 9/11†1039 Words   |  5 Pagesmade evident through the shaping of texts. In Barry Levinson’s film â€Å"Wag the Dog† and Michael Moore’s documentary â€Å"Fahrenheit 9/11†, it is clear that the perspectives in which the audience views the world create particular conflicts. In both texts, the conflicting perspectives arise from the way the naà ¯ve public views the world and the way that the government and media view the world through their particular agendas. In â€Å"Wag the Dog†, the plot relies on the alleged sexual impropriety of the presidentRead MoreBeneful Commercial analysis Essay561 Words   |  3 Pages A strong healthy dog is pulling a wagon of a pretty bag of dog food that looks healthy and tasty. The dog food sets perfect and looks great in the wagon. The little puppy is pulling this big wagon of dog food up a steep winding road, to show his strength from eating Beneful dog food. The wagon with the dog food in it says â€Å"Incerdibites Bring out the incredible in your small dog. The advertisers attended audience is anyone who owns a small dog. The ad also says â€Å"it’s not the size of your tail it’sRead MoreThe Art of Persuassion Essay1470 Words   |  6 Pagesthe members of the documentary, other than to see what the directors wanted us to see. We didn’t see the downtime of the camp or the normal things the kids took part in, we only saw the footage that would evoke a certain emotion in us. The movie Wag the Dog was perhaps the greatest example of both framing and reframing that we observed in class. The whole movie was a lesson in framing and reframing and how quickly adjustments on the fly have to be made. The entire way in which the â€Å"war† is framed takesRead MorePet Wearables And Connected Device Technology1567 Words   |  7 Pagesdevices are then being modified to meet the needs of the regular pet dog owner. New devices for pet dogs cover everything from identification, tracking, vital sign monitoring, video cameras and environmental temperature fluctuations to algorithms that translate tail wags and eventually even brain waves into emotions that can be relayed to the owner. Our own smartphones allow most of these innovations to connect owners with their dogs’ wearables by the use of applications. As technology continues toRead MoreEssay Harper1467 Words   |  6 Pagesand understanding. â€Å"The Three Questions† by Leo Tolstoy also sho ws conflict between knowledge and understanding but in a different way than the blind men and the elephant does. â€Å"Education as Maturity† by H.A Overstreet shows the process. Finally Wag the Dog by Barry Levinson shows the dangers of critical thinking. In John Berger’s Ways of Seeing he offers the problem of people being subjective. Linda Elder’s argument supports John Berger’s statement. John Berger is saying people are subjective whenRead MoreMy First Year I Am1144 Words   |  5 PagesI have had to babysit Keltie, my older sister Tamara’s dog, for her for the past three years. When her boyfriend Joe and her decided to make the trip from Colorado to Iowa, I am left with this responsibility. The first year I babysat I really enjoyed it, mainly because I just met him and learned about how fun and loveable he was. The second year I took care of Keltie I carried more responsibilities. This year, compelled to wake up so early to take care of him, made the amusement fall away. Tamara

Addiction Problem for Drug and Substance Abuse - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theAddiction Problem for Drug and Substance Abuse. Answer: Introduction Drug and substance abuse has been a great tragedy in the 21st century, and it has come about with many consequences in the society (Bissessar, 2014). The media has also been an important communication platform, and many individuals gain information through different media platforms such as newspapers, movies, books, and advertisements (Gaal, Szabo, Kovcs, Csepregi, 2015). Drug and substance abuse being a critical problem in the world according to (Butler, 2017), and it is therefore communicated through different forms of media since many people can easily access the different forms of media. Several movies have been released showing drug and substance abuse problems and one of these movies, in this case, a documentary is called The Anonymous People. This documentary has filmed a community of about 23.5 million American people living with drug and substance abuse problems and also people facing long-term recovery conditions (Cohen, Mikhitarian, Reilly, Williams, 2014). The recovery faces have been hidden and the voices silent for an extended period due to stigma in the society which is intensely entrenched. The story of these anonymous people is told through the voices and faces of the volunteers, the leaders, celebrities and corporate executives putting it all out in black and white to save the lives of other individuals just like them (Mikhitarian, 2015). The recovery movement was aimed to fuel a changing conversation intended to transform public opinion and shift a problematic policy to the direction of a lasting recovery solution. Several stereotypes, attitudes, and assumptions were portrayed in the society. The attitude that drug addiction was a crucial problem in the society was highlightened since most of the prominent people and celebrities in the community such as Chris Harren, a basketball player came out and talked about their addiction problems so bother to help other persons like them in the society. The portrayal is very genuine since it talks about real people in real life situations battling or who had battled with drug and substance use problems and it is not fiction as it is in the movies. The documentary film also captures the challenges that these drug addicts face in the society which is a similar portrayal of exactly what happens to many people around the globe (NEPA Scene, 2016). However, this does not stigmatize a persons clients, but on the contrary, it gives them hope. In the documentary, the 20-25 million Americans facing alcohol and other drug and substance abuse problems have optimism through the emergence of active grassroots advocacy recovery and support movements. Brave people who have recovered from drug and alcohol addiction problems came up and formed associations uniting for the first instance in years to offer hope and address the addiction problem which was America's most persistent problem in public health. Stigmatization of individuals with addiction problems is highly condemned, and the faith of coming out of the slavery of the addiction problem is given to the addicts through the life-changing stories of different people. The society should realize that drug addiction makes a person enslaved to drugs and therefore turning back is never easy. When this concept is understood stigmatization will be significantly reduced. The society has to accept people with addiction problems and also help them change because isolation has never solved drug addiction problems, but it instead increases the cases. The victims need to feel like part of the community, and they need to be cared for and counseled by service providers, law enforcers, policy m akers and the media at large. This can be done through the media channels, seminar forums, in the rehabilitation centers and also in homes. The Anonymous people views stigmatization as being a societal disease and campaigns against it (Phoenix House, 2013). Many famous faces and voices offer to come out to the light and talk about their addiction problems so that individuals facing the same can be able to relate to them and overcome their challenges just as they did. The general public is also discouraged against stigmatization since it causes enduring mental and health stress to individuals with addiction problems. Stigmatized people are more likely to be depressed, and this reduces treatment, and it worsens their addiction problems since they tend to turn to drug abuse for consolation (Livingston, Milne, Fang, Amari, 2012). Some may even be harmful to themselves and other people, therefore, being a threat and they might also end up being at logger's heads with the law as a result of the stigma. The positive portrayals of people who faced addiction problems and overcame gave hope to others, and the recovery results wer e positive. The psychological model could be appropriate to practice in the field of drug addiction because it focuses on what takes place for a person to start using drugs. The model emphasizes that drug addiction is psychologically motivated therefore making everyone vulnerable to addiction (Ngo, 2014). The social learning theory of addiction is applicable in this case. This model reflects current issues in drug addiction since a learned behavior, and a character defect and a learned behavior is an addiction (Kelly White, 2010). This is evident in the current addiction situations since most people become addicts as a result of several circumstances such as a marriage separation, being fired from work among many other issues. The psychological model is linked to the social service work theory as the observing people with addictive behavior could psychologically motivate others also to start using drugs. It is, therefore, crucial to learn about stigmatization and the addiction problem to learn on how to handle persons with addiction problems and how to help the society to be able to view drug addicts as normal people and to help them recover. Conclusion Stigmatization being a worldwide problem, it is essential to find ways to deal with how people view drug addicts in our society to help them change and to help their rehabilitation process to be a lot easier. Given the widespread of addiction in the various parts of the world and echoed by the happenings of the movie it is a clear indication that the issue needs clear policies to control the behavior of the people. The policy will help in building the self-esteem of the addicts which is essential for the recovery process. References Bissessar, A. M. (2014). The Tragedy of a Small Country: Combatting Substance Abuse and Illegal Drugs. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science , 51-65. Butler, J. C. (2017). 2017 ASTHO President's Challenge: Public Health Approaches to Preventing Substance Misuse and Addiction. Journal of Public Health Management Practice, 531-536. Cohen, A., Mikhitarian, B., Reilly, j., Williams, G. D. (2014, August 8). The Globe and Mail. Retrieved from https://beta.theglobeandmail.com: https://beta.theglobeandmail.com/arts/film/film-reviews/a-misguided-attempt-to-bring-addiction-out-of-the-closet/article19963543/?ref=https://www.theglobeandmail.com Gaal, Z., Szabo, L., Kovcs, N. O., Csepregi, A. (2015). Exploring the Role of Social Media in Knowledge Sharing. The Electronic Journal of Knowledge Management Volume, 185-197. Kelly, J. F., White, W. L. (2010). Addiction Recovery Management: Theory, Research and Practice. Berlin: Springer Science Business Media. Livingston, J. D., Milne, T., Fang, M. L., Amari, E. (2012). The effectiveness of interventions for reducing stigma related to substance use disorders: a systematic review. Wiley-Blackwell Online Open, 39-50. Mikhitarian, B. (2015). Many Faces, One Voice: Secrets from The Anonymous People. New York: Central Recovery Press, LLC. NEPA Scene. (2016, February 31). NEPA Scene. Retrieved from https://nepascene.com: https://nepascene.com/2016/08/anonymous-people-film-recovery-addiction-screens-free-scranton-sept-8/ Ngo, V. (2014, March). Addiction According to Moral, Disease, and Learning Models. Simon Fraser University , pp. 1-12. Phoenix House. (2013, September 10). https://www.phoenixhouse.org. Retrieved from Phoenix House: https://www.phoenixhouse.org/news-and-views/our-perspectives/the-anonymous-people-what-does-anonymity-actually-mean/

Beijing free essay sample

I’m going to look at how Beijing’s (while mentioning China) climate will be affected and change if the average temperature will rise, creating global warming around the world. An overview of how Beijing’s weather and climate is currently. Average temperature in January is -7o to -4o C, while average temperatures in July are at 25o to 26  °C. Highest temperature ever recorded is 42 °C and lowest recorded is -27 °C. Annual precipitation is over 600 mm, with 75% of that in summer. Beijing is located in a high pressure area. Under the scorching sun in summer, heavy rainstorms also sees to occur late in the season. The citys climate is a monsoon-influenced humid continental climate characterized by hot, humid summers due to the East Asian monsoons, and generally cold, windy winters that reflect the influence of the vast Siberian anticyclone. Frequent typhoons coming from the Pacific Ocean also influence the city but in a minor scale, most of the typhoons make their direction for Japan and never really reaches into Beijing. We will write a custom essay sample on Beijing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Springtime weather in Asia produces intense wind storm events that can pass over the Gobi Desert along the northern China / Mongolia. These prevailing westerly winds brings dust from the desert and trough suspension carries the sand dust via Beijing and further on. This threatens Beijing by a rolling tide of sand advancing on the capital from the Gobi Desert that is responsible for the massive dust storms every spring. If we then assume that the average temperature is rising, I think that the long term warming will cause a bit more spreading (in number) of natural hazards such as monsoons, (droughts), typhoons leading to more severe rainfall. Since the typhoons never really reaches the city but foremost Japan (due to the coriolis force/effect) the size and number may increase and then there will be more rain. Mostly this happens if the ocean currents are warm. The precipitation from both the monsoons and typhoons but also through convectional rainfall will eventually increase leading to e. g. floods (in coastal areas) and agricultural crops may die or grow (depending of what type of crops and its surrounding) more because of the intense rainfall. The temperature rises heating the land more which makes moist, warm air which becomes less dense and is forced to rise as strong convectional currents. In this picture below you can see were most of the precipitation occurs due to e. g. monsoons in the southern China, in the summer when there is strong solar radiation and the rain period is at its highest in Beijing. If we would see a similar picture but in present time or in about 10 years from now I would say that the color of amount precipitation in Beijing would be more in the blue scale. Because the winds bring more moist and rain clouds since the earth is moving. The climatic change may even change or disrupt the monsoonal pattern. In winter the temperature can be very low but if the global temperature rises I think so will the cold temperatures. It will not be as cold in the future as it is now. The Gobi Deserts sand dunes are already slowly expanding with winds blowing the sand towards the capital. In their wake, these massive dust storms have left entire towns abandoned and refugees left in a high number. The dust storms have probably also brought some weather effects due to the high altitude transportation of the sand. These winds are capable of generating huge yellow clouds of suspended dust which based on the direction of the prevailing wind can be sent out to sea to North America. And even have an impact on the visibility across different regions in the south western United States Part of the reason for why these dust storms are so severe, is maybe because the soil is so loose and fine. In addition to the fact that sandstorms cause such inconvenience in people’s lives, they also influence agricultural production, transportation and shipping, and other industries, and cause serious economic damage. The problem is overgrazing and deforestation which causes many land areas in China to become a desert. Due to this desert spreading that is getting closer to Beijing the government is planning to plant a â€Å"green wall† of millions of trees between Beijing and the sands. The plants should be planted to bind the soil more effectively. Some of the smaller rivers or lakes could even disappear due to the desert spreading cutting of water supply. And the larger rivers that transports some of the melting glaciers from the Himalayas could expand and lead to flooding in some cases. The air pollution from the city results in damage to air and water quality, agriculture and human health, with acid rain falling down. The climatic change will also have a great impact on the economy since they have to prevent some hazard from spreading far too much but the economy will also lose a lot of money if the agricultural farming is reduced every year. But if the rainfall changes the agricultural problem will give the economy a profit. Many people would have to leave their homes to try to find another place to grow their crops or move into the main city to try and find a job. Due to arable agriculture and overgrazing wind removes the soil so that soil erosion occurs. Then, during times of erosive rainfall or windstorms, soil may be detached, transported, and (possibly travelling a long distance) deposited. It has impacts which are both on-site (at the place where the soil is detached) and off-site (wherever the eroded soil ends up). As a conclusion Beijing will probably have more rainfall due to the monsoons and typhoons. The desert will increase or decrease (not expand as much) depending on how much it will rain and if the soil is nutrient enough to let vegetation grow. But if it increases Beijing will suffer from more dust storms as a thick layer of haze that can reduce direct solar radiation, it can have a dramatic impact on the visibility. It will also get warmer in the city since the air pollution is very high making a sort of cover over the area, thereby trapping the sun radiation from going back out into the atmosphere, making it more humid. The temperature will get higher during all seasons but in a slow process. The economic development may decrease because of manly the loss of agricultural land to soil erosion. Beijing free essay sample I’m going to look at how Beijing’s (while mentioning China) climate will be affected and change if the average temperature will rise, creating global warming around the world. An overview of how Beijing’s weather and climate is currently. Average temperature in January is -7o to -4o C, while average temperatures in July are at 25o to 26  °C. Highest temperature ever recorded is 42 °C and lowest recorded is -27 °C. Annual precipitation is over 600 mm, with 75% of that in summer. Beijing is located in a high pressure area. Under the scorching sun in summer, heavy rainstorms also sees to occur late in the season. The citys climate is a monsoon-influenced humid continental climate characterized by hot, humid summers due to the East Asian monsoons, and generally cold, windy winters that reflect the influence of the vast Siberian anticyclone. Frequent typhoons coming from the Pacific Ocean also influence the city but in a minor scale, most of the typhoons make their direction for Japan and never really reaches into Beijing. We will write a custom essay sample on Beijing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Springtime weather in Asia produces intense wind storm events that can pass over the Gobi Desert along the northern China / Mongolia. These prevailing westerly winds brings dust from the desert and trough suspension carries the sand dust via Beijing and further on. This threatens Beijing by a rolling tide of sand advancing on the capital from the Gobi Desert that is responsible for the massive dust storms every spring. If we then assume that the average temperature is rising, I think that the long term warming will cause a bit more spreading (in number) of natural hazards such as monsoons, (droughts), typhoons leading to more severe rainfall. Since the typhoons never really reaches the city but foremost Japan (due to the coriolis force/effect) the size and number may increase and then there will be more rain. Mostly this happens if the ocean currents are warm. The precipitation from both the monsoons and typhoons but also through convectional rainfall will eventually increase leading to e. g. floods (in coastal areas) and agricultural crops may die or grow (depending of what type of crops and its surrounding) more because of the intense rainfall. The temperature rises heating the land more which makes moist, warm air which becomes less dense and is forced to rise as strong convectional currents. In this picture below you can see were most of the precipitation occurs due to e. g. monsoons in the southern China, in the summer when there is strong solar radiation and the rain period is at its highest in Beijing. If we would see a similar picture but in present time or in about 10 years from now I would say that the color of amount precipitation in Beijing would be more in the blue scale. Because the winds bring more moist and rain clouds since the earth is moving. The climatic change may even change or disrupt the monsoonal pattern. In winter the temperature can be very low but if the global temperature rises I think so will the cold temperatures. It will not be as cold in the future as it is now. The Gobi Deserts sand dunes are already slowly expanding with winds blowing the sand towards the capital. In their wake, these massive dust storms have left entire towns abandoned and refugees left in a high number. The dust storms have probably also brought some weather effects due to the high altitude transportation of the sand. These winds are capable of generating huge yellow clouds of suspended dust which based on the direction of the prevailing wind can be sent out to sea to North America. And even have an impact on the visibility across different regions in the south western United States Part of the reason for why these dust storms are so severe, is maybe because the soil is so loose and fine. In addition to the fact that sandstorms cause such inconvenience in people’s lives, they also influence agricultural production, transportation and shipping, and other industries, and cause serious economic damage. The problem is overgrazing and deforestation which causes many land areas in China to become a desert. Due to this desert spreading that is getting closer to Beijing the government is planning to plant a â€Å"green wall† of millions of trees between Beijing and the sands. The plants should be planted to bind the soil more effectively. Some of the smaller rivers or lakes could even disappear due to the desert spreading cutting of water supply. And the larger rivers that transports some of the melting glaciers from the Himalayas could expand and lead to flooding in some cases. The air pollution from the city results in damage to air and water quality, agriculture and human health, with acid rain falling down. The climatic change will also have a great impact on the economy since they have to prevent some hazard from spreading far too much but the economy will also lose a lot of money if the agricultural farming is reduced every year. But if the rainfall changes the agricultural problem will give the economy a profit. Many people would have to leave their homes to try to find another place to grow their crops or move into the main city to try and find a job. Due to arable agriculture and overgrazing wind removes the soil so that soil erosion occurs. Then, during times of erosive rainfall or windstorms, soil may be detached, transported, and (possibly travelling a long distance) deposited. It has impacts which are both on-site (at the place where the soil is detached) and off-site (wherever the eroded soil ends up). As a conclusion Beijing will probably have more rainfall due to the monsoons and typhoons. The desert will increase or decrease (not expand as much) depending on how much it will rain and if the soil is nutrient enough to let vegetation grow. But if it increases Beijing will suffer from more dust storms as a thick layer of haze that can reduce direct solar radiation, it can have a dramatic impact on the visibility. It will also get warmer in the city since the air pollution is very high making a sort of cover over the area, thereby trapping the sun radiation from going back out into the atmosphere, making it more humid. The temperature will get higher during all seasons but in a slow process. The economic development may decrease because of manly the loss of agricultural land to soil erosion.

Free Essays on Memory And Recollection Of The Soul

Memory is mentioned in quite a few philosophical books and dialogues. It is a main theme in both Meno and Confessions of St. Augustine. Meno starts off contemplating virtue and whether it can be taught. This leads the dialogue to the subjects of learning and memory. Memory is also the focus of Book X in Confessions. Socrates asserts that learning is really the soul’s process of remembering what it knew before birth. St. Augustine’s and Socrates’ theories are fairy similar to each others and Plato’s. Socrates believes in anamnesis; the idea that learning truth is really a matter of the soul recollecting what it has learned in previous lives. He often says that he knows he knows nothing, so this is a change because he seems to be very sure of this theory. He believes the soul is eternal and each time it is born it forgets everything it knows and must relearn it. When experiencing something, you are actually relearning what you already knew. He proves this is by asking a young servant of Meno’s geometrical questions. He draws a square and asks the boy if the lines are not equal and if a square can be any size. Socrates continues to ask the boy more complex questions. When he is satisfied, he presents this process to Meno as evidence that learning is in fact a recollection. If the boy was never taught this, how did he come to know the relationship between the diagonal of a square and a square double the area? Socrates concludes this point by adding â€Å"But if he has al ways possessed this knowledge he would always have known; or if he has acquired the knowledge he could not have acquired it in this life, unless he has been taught geometry and every other branch of knowledge. Now, as you say, he was born and bred in your house.† Meno admits that he is certain no one has ever taught the boy geometry. Meno is satisfied with Socrates explanation and even goes as far to call his worlds excellent. Like Socrates, Augustine's answ... Free Essays on Memory And Recollection Of The Soul Free Essays on Memory And Recollection Of The Soul Memory is mentioned in quite a few philosophical books and dialogues. It is a main theme in both Meno and Confessions of St. Augustine. Meno starts off contemplating virtue and whether it can be taught. This leads the dialogue to the subjects of learning and memory. Memory is also the focus of Book X in Confessions. Socrates asserts that learning is really the soul’s process of remembering what it knew before birth. St. Augustine’s and Socrates’ theories are fairy similar to each others and Plato’s. Socrates believes in anamnesis; the idea that learning truth is really a matter of the soul recollecting what it has learned in previous lives. He often says that he knows he knows nothing, so this is a change because he seems to be very sure of this theory. He believes the soul is eternal and each time it is born it forgets everything it knows and must relearn it. When experiencing something, you are actually relearning what you already knew. He proves this is by asking a young servant of Meno’s geometrical questions. He draws a square and asks the boy if the lines are not equal and if a square can be any size. Socrates continues to ask the boy more complex questions. When he is satisfied, he presents this process to Meno as evidence that learning is in fact a recollection. If the boy was never taught this, how did he come to know the relationship between the diagonal of a square and a square double the area? Socrates concludes this point by adding â€Å"But if he has al ways possessed this knowledge he would always have known; or if he has acquired the knowledge he could not have acquired it in this life, unless he has been taught geometry and every other branch of knowledge. Now, as you say, he was born and bred in your house.† Meno admits that he is certain no one has ever taught the boy geometry. Meno is satisfied with Socrates explanation and even goes as far to call his worlds excellent. Like Socrates, Augustine's answ...

Studies on Rhetoric Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Studies on Rhetoric - Essay Example Without knowledge, rhetoric was nothing more than tricking people with emotion. Rhetoric and knowledge combined is the most powerful way of convincing your enemies of your superiority. Aristotle believed good speaking involved two types of proofs. Inartistic proofs were things like facts, statistics and testimonies. Artistic proofs included three categories known as pathos, logos and ethos. Pathos is a proof that appeals to the emotions. Logos is a proof that concerns the use of logic. Ethos is a personal proof. Aristotle believed that every speech had to have all three of these artistic proofs and that they must balance each other. Epideictic discourse is older, according to Jeffrey Walker, than political or legal discourse. This oldest form of rhetoric is used to place blame or to honor a person. The most important thing to be remembered according to Aristotle is that when using this form of rhetoric the speaker musk keep the opinions of the audience in mind as they currently exist towards the subject of praise or criticism. Cicero’s five canons of rhetoric are invention, arrangement, style, memory and delivery. Invention deals with finding a way to persuade the audience through use of past experiences and ingenuity. Arrangement is organizing the argument so it is effective and coherent. Style involves using emotion to be convincing. Memory means speaking without notes or prior preparation and delivery deals with effective use of facial expressions, voice and gestures while speaking. Quintilian believed that the five parts of a speech were the exordium, the narratio, the division, the proof and the peroration. In the exordium, the speaker tries to make an emotional connection with the audience. In the narration the speaker explains the basics of the case through the use of facts. The division is where the speaker lists the points he aims to prove or how he will prove the opponent wrong. The proof is

(Analytical Essay) on the field of International Relations Essay

(Analytical ) on the field of International Relations - Essay Example More specifically, the essay shall highlight on the other alternatives that are existent in an endeavor to maximize the states’ security. The essay shall also shed light on the case of Iran and the alternatives of development of regional hegemony among the members, accessing wealth and achieving nuclear superiority, as factors that would reduce chances of war attempts in the name of securing peace and security. One of the aspects that can allow for peace and security among states relate to development of regional hegemony among the members. According to Richard & Michael, (pp.71), regional hegemony refers to maximizing security in the states so as to avoid a situation whereby the state would be attacked by another. Though analysts hold the view attaining hegemony is almost impossible especially security along the water bodies, a lot of countries have attempted a move to establish hegemony, despite their having minimal resources for the same. This means that all countries always have the hope that they may achieve security through attaining domination over other countries in the region. This can be proven from the example of U.S.A. that has managed to maintain its security through attaining regional hegemony. If this happens, then there is a great likelihood that the fewer cases of war will be witnessed in the globe. In the case of Iran for instance, this country has been seen with a keen interest in the issue of acquisition of nuclear weapons, so as to achieve hegemony in the Persian Gulf and the entire Middle East region. This has been part of the country’s aspiration of for a long time especially under the leadership of Shah. With the country gaining regional superpower, it would automatically gain supremacy, especially having neighbors of the like of India, Israel, and Pakistan amongst others. It is evident that being the center of the regional hegemony, the country would be spared from war scares. On another point of view, accessing wealth is

Organizational Risks & Mitigation Methods Essay Example for Free

Organizational Risks Mitigation Methods Essay As per our discussion last week I’ve prepared this memo that outlines the risks that CWTI faces and methods of mitigation for those risks. The goal of this exercise is to have a starting point for establishing a risk management process within CWTI. Below I’ve identified risks and provided suggested methods of mitigation for each. I’d like to point out that while most of these risks have more than one potential mitigation method, I chose to present the method I believe would be most successful for CWTI. 1.)Risk of fluctuation in foreign exchange rates –USD receivables Mitigate using control method ie. forward contracts, hedging etc. 2.)Risk of fluctuation in interest rates – USD loan Mitigate using control method ie. forward contracts, hedging etc. 3.)Risk of supply shortage/delay due to truck breakdowns Mitigate using diversification ie. Have alternative options of transportation readily available 4.)Risk of losing major customer Mitigate using diversification ie. Try to gain other customers in need of timber 5.)Risk of losing timber licenses Mitigate using control technique ie. Establish strong internal controls regarding the requirement to clear and replant and ensure to measure controls. 6.)Risk of non-compliance with national stock exchange requirements Mitigate using control technique ie. Establish strong internal controls regarding compliance requirements for stock exchange. 7.)Risk of inventory shrinkage due to theft, damage Mitigate using sharing/transferring technique ie. Purchase insurance for buildup of inventory 8.)Risk of supply delay if sawmill equipment goes down, staff turnover/lack of skilled staff Mitigate using diversification technique ie. Have alternative options of production in the event either of these occur 9.)Risk of delay/damage/lost shipment to overseas market Mitigate using sharing/transferring technique ie. Purchase additional insurance that would cover this 10.) Risk of timber market/supply – what if something happens to forest? Fire, bug infestation Mitigate using diversification ie. Find other supplies of timber 11.) Risk of reputation – environmental groups if CWTI doesn’t live up to the clearing/replanting requirement Mitigate using control ie. Establish strong internal controls to ensure all clearing/replanting requirements are being fulfilled. 12.) Risk of not meeting financial obligations due to delayed/infrequent receivables – CWTI operates year round but majority of payment only gets received around December January (based on 60/90 day terms) Mitigate using diversification ie. Find more new customers that require timber throughout the year to balance the cash flow. We can further discuss other mitigation methods should you please. I look forward to your feedback.

Pindar :: essays research papers fc

Classical Mythology PINDAR A PERFECT POET Pindar was born at Cynoscephalae, near Thebes, the member of a noble family. He lived from about 518 B.C. to approximately 438 B.C. Pindar is considered by many to be the greatest lyric poet of ancient Greece. He began writing at a very young age and soon his poetry was popular throughout Greece.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He traveled widely but spent much of his time in Athens and in Sicily at the home of Hieron. This may account for his being enamored with the Olympic games, which he often wrote about. Hiero bred horses and offered his steeds to the athletes to enter in the chariot races. Pindar’s poems often paid tribute to the winner of various events but with out a doubt the chariot races were given his highest praise. Greek society savored these odes for their rich poetic language and imagery, moral ideas, and vivid portrayals of sacred myths.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The poems were not so much an account of the sporting events but what transpired afterward. The storyline or narrative myth was always connected to the winner and ensuing celebration. Each poem meant to be sung with dancing or even a procession for the victor, usually upon the athlete’s return to his home city. Being a deeply religious man with high moral standards, Pindar’s main characters normally displayed the same attributes. Pindar was also famous for being the first Greek writer to speak of the immortality of the soul and judgement by the gods after death.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pindar is given credit for inventing the Pindaric ode. An ode built of three stanzas - strophe, antistrophe, and epode repeated in series. These stately intricate poems set the standard. They are often referred to as perfect in form and beautiful in language. Of all his poems 45 odes have survived. These make up one of the greatest collections of odes by a Greek author during this time. The forty-five victory odes represent and celebrate triumphs at the four great Panhellenic festivals. The Olympic, Pythian, Nemean, and Isthmian games. Three of the Olympian Odes celebrated the victories of Pindar’s close friend and confidant Hieron. The Nemean and Isthmian Odes concentrate more on wealthy clients and tyrants of the time who perhaps sponsored the athletes. The Pythian Odes were written for the Aeginians; the last of which was dedicated to an Aeginian wrestler, Aristomenes. What makes this poem so noteworthy is the fact it ended with a not e of sadness. Pindar :: essays research papers fc Classical Mythology PINDAR A PERFECT POET Pindar was born at Cynoscephalae, near Thebes, the member of a noble family. He lived from about 518 B.C. to approximately 438 B.C. Pindar is considered by many to be the greatest lyric poet of ancient Greece. He began writing at a very young age and soon his poetry was popular throughout Greece.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He traveled widely but spent much of his time in Athens and in Sicily at the home of Hieron. This may account for his being enamored with the Olympic games, which he often wrote about. Hiero bred horses and offered his steeds to the athletes to enter in the chariot races. Pindar’s poems often paid tribute to the winner of various events but with out a doubt the chariot races were given his highest praise. Greek society savored these odes for their rich poetic language and imagery, moral ideas, and vivid portrayals of sacred myths.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The poems were not so much an account of the sporting events but what transpired afterward. The storyline or narrative myth was always connected to the winner and ensuing celebration. Each poem meant to be sung with dancing or even a procession for the victor, usually upon the athlete’s return to his home city. Being a deeply religious man with high moral standards, Pindar’s main characters normally displayed the same attributes. Pindar was also famous for being the first Greek writer to speak of the immortality of the soul and judgement by the gods after death.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pindar is given credit for inventing the Pindaric ode. An ode built of three stanzas - strophe, antistrophe, and epode repeated in series. These stately intricate poems set the standard. They are often referred to as perfect in form and beautiful in language. Of all his poems 45 odes have survived. These make up one of the greatest collections of odes by a Greek author during this time. The forty-five victory odes represent and celebrate triumphs at the four great Panhellenic festivals. The Olympic, Pythian, Nemean, and Isthmian games. Three of the Olympian Odes celebrated the victories of Pindar’s close friend and confidant Hieron. The Nemean and Isthmian Odes concentrate more on wealthy clients and tyrants of the time who perhaps sponsored the athletes. The Pythian Odes were written for the Aeginians; the last of which was dedicated to an Aeginian wrestler, Aristomenes. What makes this poem so noteworthy is the fact it ended with a not e of sadness.

Comparison of Two Restaurants

Summary Restaurants business one of major segments of Hospitality industry in United Kingdom. This assessment report mainly focuses on the analysis of two difference restaurants base on food and beverage principles and theories. Here writer selected McDonald’s Hanger lane for fast food segment and O’Neill’s Ealing for fine dining segments. Evaluation process based on the writer experienced of those two restaurants and used meal experienced check list prepared using food and beverage theories and concept. In addition, writer created SWOT analysis for each restaurants for enhance analysis external and internal factors.Comparative analysis done using several topics for improve clear understand for readers. Used difference academic journals, books and reputed web site details for deliver evidence to support the discuss points by acknowledging relevant authors of such valuable sources. In addition, knowledge grab during the class contributed more to complete this asse ssment report. Prominent points highlighted during the conclusion for revise reader attention for such points and end of report provide recommendations to the both restaurants to enhance their business performance.There are main two limitations of this this report, first, all provided recommendations relevant only for discussed two restaurants and difficult to generalised and second, majority of points discussed base on writer experienced and that have possibility of involved of unintentional personal biased. 1. Introduction 2012 restaurants market update of keynote shows that market value increase 1. 7% during the 2011 compare to 2010. Government informed that UK emerging from recession in this year by Wintour and Stewart (2012). This shows the creating good business atmosphere within the UK.Restaurants are one of main business sector within the hospitality industry and it has several types of categories such as fast foods, fine dining and ethnic special. This report mainly focuses on the compare and contrasts the two differences restaurants, based on the writer meal experienced of those two restaurants and finally try to gives suggestions that important for improve customer experience and sale of such restaurants. Here writer selected O’Neill’s Ealing mainly for fine dining restaurants and McDonald’s Hanger Lane t for fast food casual restaurants.This comparative analysis base on the writer experienced of those two restaurants and use Meal experience check list (See Appendix: 1) for evaluate these two restaurants. These two restaurants working on difference market segments, however base on the food and beverage theories can easily analysis and evaluate two restaurants. 2. Overview of Restaurants 2. 1. O’ Neill’s – Ealing O’Neill’s is one of restaurants chain of Mitchells and Butlers PLC operation in England and they are specialisation of Irish foods; however they offer both table d’hotel and A la carte menus.Other than restaurants facilities, O’Neill’s have bar section. This restaurants under the non-captive market and they have powerful strength from the mother company that leader within the UK for Restaurants and Pub including brands like † Harvester† and â€Å"all bar one† (www. mbplc. com). However, Ealing O’Neill’s need to differentiate itself to face greater competition from surrounds restaurants in Ealing area (See Appendix: 2 for SWOT: O’Neill’s Ealing). 2. 2 McDonald’s – Hanger Lane (Near Quill Street) The world’s largest quick chain restaurants and 1200 restaurants located within the UK (www. cdonalds. co. uk). However McDonald’s under semi-captive food market because customers can choice only from offer alternatives. Open in 24 hours and drive through facilities adds more strength for Hanger Lane McDonald’s apart from the reputed global name. (See Appendix: 3 for SWOT: McDonald’s Hanger Lane) 3. Comparative Analysis This comparative analysis and evaluation doing in using separate topics and only consider the restaurants part and not consider their additional activities such as bar in O’Neill’s and drive through process of Mc Donald’s . 1. Service SystemMcDonald’s following fast food service system and O’Neill’s following fine dining service. McDonald’s always follow single point service and take away service; however O’Neill’s use waiter’s assistant systems. Both restaurants service are well maintenance and give good service for customers. Restaurants service systems direct effect of the image of the restaurants and that enhance the customer loyalty. (Ryuet al. 2012) 2. Staff Staffs of both restaurants are well trained and committed to provide full customer satisfaction with higher hygienic practices.All staff members wear proper dress code and very polite and try to pro vide best options for customers. Observed that, McDonald’s staffs mainly follows the grater standardised control procedures and O’ Neill’s staff more empowerment for taken some decisions. Highly standardised lead to more control of staff in Mc Donald’s (Ingram and Jones 1998). Employee empowerment enhance customer responsiveness and as well as employees retention with organization (Ashness and Lashley 1995). 3. Use of Special Equipment and Services Two restaurants always try to use more effective equipment to reduce energy consumption.McDonald’s using high efficiency British Thermal Unit (BTU) fryer to reduce energy consumption and give quick service to customers. O Neill’s also follow green concept and energy consumption reduce strategy (Mitchell and Butler annual report 2011). Card payment accepts by both restaurants that give more convenient for majority of customers. 4. Meal Experience 3. 4. 1 Interior Arrangement, Decoration and Enterta inment O’Neill’s interior design and dining area prepare for more comfortable and classic way for retention customers more time within the restaurants.Arranged seating to facilitate personal and business discussion among the customers and provide slight normal music for give higher feeling to customers. Every Friday and Saturday O’Neill’s provides live music for customers. O’Neill’s provide high class tableware and decoration of all tables. McDonald’s interior design comparatively low and provide plastic chairs and tables and no much intention to keep customers long time in restaurants due to concept of fast food serving (Lillicrap and Cousins 2010). Customers repurchasing behaviour and satisfaction highly depend on customer waiting time in fast foods chain outlet (Law et al. 004). Therefore, McDonald’s basically focus to provide higher number of customers within limited time. O’Neill’s lighting arrangements compa ratively good and it provide more attraction and comfort for long-term discussion. However, McDonald’s hanger lane does not use specific lighting arrangement. 3. 4. 2 Safety and Hygienic Hygienic conditions are higher in both restaurants and displayed the council certificate, safety notice, singe and whole restaurants clean and tidy. This is the last part of the food supply chain and majority of customers believe that restaurants maintain good hygienic conditions (Knight at el. 007). According to the Mitchel and Butler annual report, all food suppliers require to meet British Retail Consortium Global Certificate requirement and need to face regular safety and quality audits. McDonald’s has own food quality audits systems (www. mcdonalds. co. uk). 3. 4. 3. Food Price Price is important factor for purchasing decision of consumer (Mendez et al. 2006). Observed that both restaurants provided good value for money and this confirmed by few consumers in two restaurants as wel l as writer own experienced. However, O’Neill’s need to consider their food price for face competition in Ealing.Competitive pricing lead for price war and that can affect for long term sustainability of business (Davis et al. 2008). 3. 4. 4 Food, Beverage and Menu O’Neill’s provide eight difference menus basically focus in Irish foods and provide special menu for kids and Sunday. On the other hand, McDonald’s provided own menus basically focus on the fast food category. Two restaurants always keep their menus within some limitation with less variation. However, O’ Neill’s menus are very attractive and give full description for customers (see Appendix 4) (http://www. oneills. co. k/oneillsealing). O’ Neill’s provides foods very decorative way compare to McDonald’s (see Appendix 5) and both restaurants provide foods in good temperature. Foods aroma was fantastic in both restaurants that enhance appetite of customer s. Beverage supply was very good in both restaurants. 3. 4. 5 Customer Segments O’ Neill’s major customer range is people who like to go out with business discussion or friends or get some functions to meet each other’s. However McDonald’s major customer range is people who hurry to office or school with kids and back to home at evening.Identify of customer segments is important for sustain in business (Kotler and Keller 2006) 3. 4. 6 Location and Facilities Both restaurants located at very convenient place to consumers, however McDonald’s Hanger Lane have very good vehicle parking facilities O’Neill’s Ealing does not have. McDonald’s Hanger lane located near the traffic colour lights that give added advantage showing their name for majority of customers use Ealing road (see Appendix 6). In addition, MacDonald’s Hanger lane opens 24 Hours for customers. However O’ Neill’s Ealing have open limited time for d ay.McDonald’s provides free Wi-Fi and Baby Changing facilities for their customers. 7. Promotions Both restaurants provide special offer for focus market segments, example that O’Neill’s provide â€Å"Three meals for price two† and McDonald’s provide â€Å"4 weeks for 4 tastes†. Promotions are important for build good customer relationship and attract potential customers (Kotleret al. 2010). 4. Identification of Present trend in Food Industry Both restaurants not properly address present trends and food related health matter witan the UK. One or more than one shows diagnosis or undiagnosed diabetic within 20 people in UK (Diabetic in the UK 2012). 010 NHS data showed that 26% of adults (age above 16) and three of ten boys and girls (age between 2 to 15) showing either overweight or obesity within UK. However, Observed that both MacDonald’s and O’Neill’s not change for their foods for cater this current trend. In addition , predicted 10. 3% increase of the UK vegetarian foods market within next five years and main retailers such as ASDA, TESCO, Morrison and Sainsbury already started their vegetarian series (Keynote Market assessment 2012). However, both McDonald’s and O’ Neill’s not properly address this new market trend in UK. 3. 6 Sales MixObserved that Hanger Lane McDonald’s main sales product is Burgers and other main sales products are sandwiches, dessert, chips and beverages. Proper awareness of sales mixes importance for decide price of products as well as manage revenue (Kotleret al. 2010). However, Irish foods are the main sales products of O’ Neill’s and observed that majority of customers prefer for their Irish foods. 3. 7 Marketing McDonald’s comparatively have powerful marketing strategy than the O’Neill’s. McDonald’s have some benefits of marketing due to global brand and product range is unique for every McDonaldâ₠¬â„¢s.However, each of franchise has limited resource for own marketing process that related for area. McDonald’s have single web site that covering all outlets in UK, however O’Neill’s Ealing has their own web page under O’Neill’s main web (see Appendix 7). This is give opportunity for customers to directly contact Ealing management, find the new functions and specific menus. However, McDonald’s web site is more attractive than O’ Neill’s web site and it include nutritionals value and allergic information of the foods (See Appendix 8).McDonald’s provide special service for their customers â€Å"McDonald’s on your phone† that give location of nearest outlet, menus and latest promotion (www. mcdonalds. co. uk). 4. Conclusion These two restaurants cater their service for difference customer segments in market. However, observed that they always try to dominate in their market segments and very less considerat ion of current market trends in UK such as such as healthy foods and vegetarian foods. Both restaurants committed to give full customer satisfaction and try to attract customers using difference promotion and giving high quality safe foods.Both restaurants have proper identification of own sales mix and they use specific marketing strategy to enhance competitive edge in own market segment. 5. Recommendations All discussion based on these two restaurants and therefore these recommendations relevant only for above two restaurants and difficult to generalised. O’ Neill’s Ealing 1. Enhance variation of foods in menu – This is important to attract customers who have difference needs such as Chinese, Mexican, vegetarian, diabetic foods etc. 2. Consider the food price – Need to consider price of foods with compare competitors especially near the Ealing area. . Separate bar area from restaurants. – Bar together with restaurants area give some interference for family dining. Therefore, important of physical separate of dining area from bar section to attract more families to restaurants. 4. Band competition – They can invite Ealing area musical bands to perform in their restaurants that give more attract of local residents and young people to restaurants. 5. Provide nutritional value in in foods – That important to customer to select best suit foods for them and give attraction of customers. 6.Phone application to customers – iPhone, Android, Blackberry, Ovi – O’Neill’s special promotion, menus and special news, this important to always keep customer live with restaurants. 7. Try to get some parking slot beside road side after discuss with Ealing Council. Especially Friday and Saturday nights. 8. Provide loyalty card to regular customers to enhance revisit of regular customers. 9. Provide discount and promotion during the winter period to attract more customers by considering present positive condition of economic growth of UK. McDonald’s Hanger Lane 1.Increase seating capacity; keep more employees that enhance their attraction of McDonald’s products. 2. Concern of healthy foods and vegetarian foods – Need to consider present market trend of healthy foods, especially foods related to children. 3. Provide more attraction inertial decoration – That gives more attraction of customers to restaurants. 4. Provide attractive lighting system. 5. Provide foods in more decorative way to enhance customers’ attraction. 6. Give some higher consideration and facilities to on-site eating customers like takeaway customers. 7. Try to provide combo pack or student pack for attract families and students. . Install indication board beside Ealing road side before the outlet to enhance remind for customers before see outlet and provide information of additional facilities. 9. Start some functions or entertainments, especially at Friday or Saturday to attract customers. Bibliography Ashness, D. and Lashley, C. (1995) Empowering service workers at Harvester Restaurants. 24(8), p. 17 – 32. Emerald: Personnel Review [Online]. Available at: http://www. emeraldinsight. com [Accessed: 28 October 2012]. Guardian. co. uk (2012) GDP figures show UK emerging from recession: full reaction. 25 October 2012 [Online].Available at: http://www. guardian. co. uk/business/2012/oct/25/gdp-figures-uk-emerging-recession-full-reaction%20-%204/11/2012 [Accessed: 3 November 2012]. http://www. diabetes. org. uk/Professionals/Publications-reports-and- resources/Reports-statistics-and-case-studies/Reports/Diabetes-in-the-UK-2012/ (2012) [Online]. [Accessed: 28 October 2012]. http://www. ic. nhs. uk/pubs/opad12 (2010) [Online]. [Accessed: 28 October 2012]. http://www. oneills. co. uk/oneillsealing/ (2010) [Online]. [Accessed: 25 October 2012] Ingram, H. and Jones, S. (1998) Teamwork and the management of food service operations. 4(2), p 67-73.Emerald: Team Performance Management [online]. Available at: http://www. emeraldinsight. com [Accessed: 28 October 2012]. Keynote (2012) Market Update 2012: Restaurants Knight, A. J. , Worsoz, M. R. and Todd, E. C. D. (2007) Serving food safety: consumer perceptions of food safety at restaurants. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 19(6), p. 476-484. Emerald: [Online]. Available at: http://www. emeraldinsight. com [Accessed: 28 October 2012]. Kotler, P. and Keller, K. L. (2006) Marketing Management. 12thed. New Jersey: Pearson prentice hall. Kotler, P. , Makens, J. C. and Bowen, J. T. 2010) Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism. 5thed. New Jersey: Pearson prentice hall. Law, A. K. Y. , Hui, Y. V. and Zhao, X. (2004) Modeling repurchase frequency and customer satisfaction for fast food outlets. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 21 (5), p. 545-563. Emerald: [Online]. Available at: http://www. emeraldinsight. com [Accessed: 28 October 2012]. Lillicr ap, D. and Cousins, J. (2010) Food and Beverage Service. 8th ed. London: An Hachette. Mendez, J. L. , Oubina, J. and Rubio, N. (2006) Explanatory factors regarding manufacturer brand: Journal of Product & Brand Management, 15 (6), p. 02-411 Emerald: [Online]. Available at: http://www. emeraldinsight. com [Accessed: 28 October 2012]. Mitchell and Butler annual report 2011. Ryu, K. , Han, H. and Jang, S. (2010) Relationships among hedonic and utilitarianvalues, satisfaction and behavioral intentions in the fast-casual restaurant industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 22(3), p. 416-432 Emerald: [Online]. Available at: http://www. emeraldinsight. com [Accessed: 3 November 2012]. www. mbplc. com. www. mcdonalds. co. uk Appendix: 1 – Meal Experience Check List . Physiological and Food quality Description of items |Very |satisfied |unsure |Dissatisfied |Very |Remarks | | |satisfied | | | |Dissatisfied | | |Variation of foods ( Vegetarians or| | | | | | | |diabetic) | | | | | | | |Presentation of food ( Decoration) | | | | | | | |Colour of foods | | | | | | |Taste of foods | | | | | | | |Texture of foods | | | | | | | |Temperature of foods | | | | | | | |Variation of beverage | | | | | | | |Temperature of beverage | | | | | | | |Selection of condiments e. g. alts,| | | | | | | |sauces, pepper | | | | | | | |Portion of foods | | | | | | | |Portion of beverage | | | | | | | |Consumer specific | | | | | | | |Quality of food serve | | | | | | | |General hygienic conditions | | | | | | | Economical and convenient |Description of items |Very |satisfied |unsure |Dissatisfied |Very |Remarks | | |satisfied | | | |Dissatisfied | | |Prices of foods | | | | | | | |Price of beverages | | | | | | | |convenient location | | | | | | |Special offering | | | | | | | |Outdoor catering | | | | | | | |Home delivery | | | | | | | |Past service | | | | | | | |Parking facilities | | | | | | | Service and restaurants conditions Description of items |Ver y |satisfied |unsure |Dissatisfied |Very |Remarks | | |satisfied | | | |Dissatisfied | | |Staff greet pleasantly | | | | | | | |Staff knowing of regular customers | | | | | | | |Staff attention to the customers | | | | | | | |Staff willing to service to | | | | | | | |customers | | | | | | | |Manger attention to customer | | | | | | | |Waiter take order properly | | | | | | | |Staff understand of the products ( | | | | | | | |special offer, prices) to select | | | | | | | |proper food and beverage | | | | | | |Staff friendly and polite | | | | | | | |Service fast and quick | | | | | | | |Staff wearing proper attire | | | | | | | |Decoration of restaurant | | | | | | | | Tidy of restaurants | | | | | | | |Tables are clean | | | | | | | |Tables arrange properly | | | | | | | |Table is enough space to keep foods| | | | | | | |Staff give correct bills and | | | | | | | |changes for customers | | | | | | | |Restaurants open hours | | | | | | | |Staff response when leave the | | | | | | | |restaurants | | | | | | | |External appearance of restaurants | | | | | | | |Interior colour of restaurants | | | | | | | |Temperature conditions in | | | | | | | |restaurants | | | | | | | |Background music | | | | | | | |Live music | | | | | | |Table decoration | | | | | | | |Type of linen | | | | | | | |Appropriate tableware | | | | | | | |Furniture conditions | | | | | | | |Arrange of tables | | | | | | | |Layout of restaurants | | | | | | | |Sign of rest room | | | | | | | |Access of disabilities | | | | | | | |Children play area | | | | | | | |Tidiness of the rest room | | | | | | | Marks Very Satisfied – 5, Satisfied – 4, Unsure- 3, Dissatisfied – 2, Very dissatisfied – 1 Appendix: 2 – SWOT Analysis for O’Neill’s Ealing. |Strengths |Weakness | |Reputed National brand and Mother Company. |In side bar lead to reluctant for family dining especially with | |Specialization of Irish foods. |children. |Performing of Live bands that not in other restaurants near Ealing |No proper parking area. | |area. |Foods price comparatively high. | |Located near the Ealing shopping complex area. |Web site not attractive. | |Bar facilities. | | |Attractive decorations and arrangement. | | |Quality service with experienced staff. | | |Provide decorative foods. | | |High clean and hygienic conditions. | |Eating out increase in UK | | |Quality certification. | | |Opportunities |Threats | |Can provide other specific menus like Chinese and Indian cuisine. |Higher number of competitive restaurants in Ealing. | |Enhance seating facilities. |Less prices foods and drinks introduce by surround restaurants. | |Healthy food e. g. diabetic |Retails group (e. g. TESCO , M & S) introduce they are own foods. | |Attraction can be improved. Majority of customers knowing specialization for Irish foods only. | |Better promotion ability. |Higher control from Mother Company leads less reaction for situation| |Emerge of UK economy from res cission. |and location. | |Showing the nutritional values in foods. |Extreme weather conditions. | |Use of new technology to contact customers. E. g Phone update |Rising of fuel and employee cost. | |Possibility to provide more innovative products. |Majority of customers cut of their eating out during the recession. | | |Increase of number of restaurants direct to price war. |Appendix: 3 – SWOT Analysis for McDonald’s Hanger Lane. |Strengths |Weakness | |Reputed Global Brand. |Seating condition not comfortable. | |24 Hours opening. |Seating capacity very low. | |Drive through Process. |Lighting arrangement not attractive. | |No competitive restaurants nearby. |Less decorative of foods. | |Close to busy Ealing road. |Due to quick service oriented less concern of inside customers. | |Large parking area. |Holidays less vehicles use of Ealing road. | |Wi-Fi facilities. | | |Trained staff. | |Clean and tidy environment. | | |Baby changing facilities. | | |Attractive web site. | | |Phone updates facilities. | | |Quality certification. | | |Opportunities |Threats | |Can increase seating capacity. Possibility of come new restaurants nearby areas. | |Concern of healthy foods. E. g Diabetic |Concern of Healthy foods. | |Introduce specific foods e. g vegetarian, Mexican. |Marketing mainly decide by Head office. | |Attraction can be improved. |Retails group (e. g. TESCO, M & S) start to introduce they are own | |Better promotion ability due to location. |cafe and foods. | |Emerge of UK economy from rescission. |Higher traffic in Hanger Lane during the busy hours, reluctant to | |Introduce of innovative products. |turn for McDonald’s. | | |Extreme weather conditions. | | | | | | Appendix: 4 – O’ Neill’s Menu. [pic] [pic] Source: O’ Neill’s restaurants menu Appendix: 5 – Photo of Decorated O’Neill’s Foods. [pic] Source: Food decoration photo taken from O’Neill’s website. A ppendix: 6 – Location of McDonald’s Hanger. [pic] [pic] Source: McDonald’s Hanger lane photos taken by writer Appendix: 7 – Web page – O’ Neill’s Ealing. [pic] Source: O’Neill’s web page Appendix : 8 – McDonald’s web site with nutritional value and allergic information. [pic] Source: McDonald’s web page

Russia Early 20th Century Expansion - 1809 Words

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